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RNA: Transcription and Translation

RNA: Transcription and Translation. Review. What is a nucleic acid? What does DNA do?. What is RNA?. A nucleic acid, like DNA Functions to create proteins. How is RNA different than DNA?. Single stranded. How is RNA different than DNA?. Different sugar (ribose).

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RNA: Transcription and Translation

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  1. RNA: Transcription and Translation

  2. Review • What is a nucleic acid? • What does DNA do?

  3. What is RNA? • A nucleic acid, like DNA • Functions to create proteins

  4. How is RNA different than DNA? • Single stranded

  5. How is RNA different than DNA? • Different sugar (ribose)

  6. How is RNA different than DNA? • Uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) always • U always pairs with A

  7. What is the function of RNA? • Name 1 thing that differs between RNA and DNA

  8. Creating proteins • DNA contains all information needed to make a protein, but is unable to actually make protein by itself • RNA acts as the go between, carrying information from DNA into the organelles that create protein

  9. “Central Dogma”

  10. Kinds of RNA • mRNA – Messenger RNA, carries information from DNA to the ribosome • rRNA – Ribosomal RNA, makes up part of the ribosome • tRNA – Transfer RNA, converts information from mRNA into protein

  11. Transcription • Changing DNA into mRNA • mRNA is copied much like DNA replicates

  12. mRNA pairs with a single strand of DNA • DNA strand with “ATCG” produces an mRNA with “UAGC”

  13. What does mRNA stand for? • What does mRNA do? • What does tRNA stand for? • What does tRNA do? • What does rRNA stand for? • What does rRNA do?

  14. RNA editing • DNA contains both introns and exons • Introns are portions of DNA that are removed from the mRNA after being copied • Exons are the portion that remains in the mRNA

  15. Genetic Code • mRNA is read 3 bases at a time • Every 3 bases (a codon) corresponds to 1 protein

  16. Translation • Takes place at the ribosomes • A tRNA carrying an amino acid binds to the codon of the mRNA • The place where tRNA binds is the anticodon • tRNA continues to attach to the mRNA, and the amino acids they carry eventually bind together to make a protein

  17. Effects of mutations

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