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Transcription And Translation

Transcription And Translation. Flash of the Day. Melissa Snyder & Meghan Dunfee. What Is Transcription?. The enzyme RNA polymerase synthesizes a single strand of RNA using a double stranded DNA molecule as it’s template.

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Transcription And Translation

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  1. Transcription And Translation Flash of the Day Melissa Snyder & Meghan Dunfee

  2. What Is Transcription? • The enzyme RNA polymerase synthesizes a single strand of RNA using a double stranded DNA molecule as it’s template. • The binding of the RNA polymerase enzyme to the DNA PROMOTOR SITE, starts the process. • Synthesis begins at a specific nucleotide sequence called the START SIGNAL. This is often found to be GTA on the DNA which becomes CAU on the RNA molecule.

  3. Transcription Con’t • Only one of the DNA strands is used during the transcription process. This strand is referred to as the SENSE or TEMPLATE strand. The complimentary DNA strand that is not used is referred to as the NONSENSE strand.

  4. Transcription • The RNA sequence that is made is a direct copy of the bases in the sense strand. • DNA RNA Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Adenine (A) Uracil (U) Thymine (T) Adenine (A) http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/BioInfo.html

  5. Translation Is Ready to Begin! What will we need for Translation to take place? • The mRNA: the single strand of RNA copied during Transcription. • Ribosome: Reads the mRNA • Amino Acids • Transfer tRNA: aa covalently bind to and help to decode genetic material. • ATP: source of energy

  6. mRNA • The mRNA taken from the transcription process is used. • The initiation codon codes for the polypeptide and usually begins with AUG. • At the end of this coding region are stop codons, and act as message terminators. • This is followed by a hairpin loop and four to eight uracils and are used only for termination. http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/.html

  7. Ribosomes: Where Translation Occurs • Ribosomes use the mRNA as directions for protein assembly. • During protein synthesis, the ribosome moves down the mRNA molecule where the ribosome assembles amino acids into protein chain. • At the end of the mRNA message, translation stops, the ribosomal subunits separate and detach from the mRNA • The completed protein is then released. http://ntri.tamuk.edu/cell/ribosomes.html

  8. tRNA • Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules function as the "dictionary" in the translation mechanism. • Each tRNA molecule averages 76 nucleotides in length and folds into a cloverleaf secondary structure held together by base pairing. • The tRNA then takes on an L-shaped tertiary structure held together by nine hydrogen bonds.

  9. 20 amino acids are used in protein synthesis and each is linked to a specific tRNA. • The tRNA is capable of recognizing and binding to the codon with it’s anti codon, specifying its attached amino acid in an mRNA molecule.

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