America's Imperial Expansion in the 19th Century

1. STANDARD(S) ADRESSED: 11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT • Explain the economic and cultural factors that fueled the growth of American imperialism. • Describe how the United States acquired Alaska. • Summarize how the United States took over the Hawaiian Islands.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. Section 1 Imperialism and America Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the century, global competition causes the United States to expand. NEXT

5. SECTION 1 Imperialism and America American Expansionism Global Competition • Imperialism—policy of extending control over weaker nations • In 1800s, Europeans divide up most of Africa, compete for China • Japan joins race for China; U.S. decides to expand overseas Continued . . . NEXT

6. IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA Throughout the 19th century America expanded control of the continent to the Pacific Ocean By 1880, many American leaders felt the U.S. should join European nations and establish colonies overseas Thus began America’s foray into Imperialism – the policy in which stronger nations extend control over weaker nations Chapter 10 Section 1 Imperialism and America

7. Chapter 10 Section 1Guided Reading: The Roots of American Imperialism Economic roots Industrial overproduction in the US led to the view that the country’s factories needed raw materials from abroad and that surplus US products needed to be sold in new markets.

8. WHY IMPERIALISM? 1) Desire for Military strength – Mahan advised strong navy 2) Thirst for new markets – to spur economy& trade 3) Belief in Cultural Superiority – a belief that Anglo-Saxons were superior

9. Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: The Roots of American Imperialism Political and military roots The global military expansion of European Powers led to a US desire to do the same.

10. SECTION 1 continuedAmerican Expansionism • Thirst for New Markets • U.S. farms, factories produce more than Americans can consume • U.S. needs raw materials, new markets for goods • Foreign trade: solution to overproduction, unemployment, depression NEXT

12. SECTION 1 continuedAmerican Expansionism • Belief in Cultural Superiority • Some combine Social Darwinism, belief in superiority of Anglo-Saxons • Argue U.S. has duty to Christianize, civilize “inferior peoples” NEXT

15. Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: The Roots of American Imperialism Racist roots Belief in the racial and cultural superiority of Anglo-Saxons led many to claim that the US had a responsibility to expand and spread Christianity and civilization.

16. SECTION 1 Imperialism and America American Expansionism Desire for Military Strength • Admiral Alfred T. Mahan urges U.S. to build up navy to compete • U.S. builds modern battleships, becomes third largest naval power Continued . . . NEXT

18. Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: What did Admiral Mahan urge the United States to do to protect its interests? Build up the US navy. Increased naval power.

19. Chapter 10 Section 1 Imperialism and America A – How did European imperialism affect Africa? Only two African nations remained independent; the rest of the continent was divided up among European nations.

20. SECTION 1 The United States Acquires Alaska Early Expansion • William Seward—Secretary of State under Lincoln, Johnson • 1867, arranges purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million - has trouble convincing House to fund purchase - Alaska called “Seward’s Icebox,” “Seward’s Folly” • Alaska rich in timber, minerals, oil NEXT

21. THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA In 1867, Secretary of State William Steward arranged for the United States to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million Some thought it was a silly idea and called it “Steward’s Icebox” NEED ICE?

22. THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA Time has shown how smart it was to buy Alaska for 2 cents an acre Alaska is rich in

23. THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA Alaska is rich in timber, minerals and oil

24. THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA Alaska is rich in timber, minerals and oil

25. THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA Alaska is rich in timber, minerals and oil

26. Chapter 10 Section 1 B – How did time prove that the purchase of Alaska was not an act of folly? Alaska is rich in timber, minerals, and oil.

27. SECTION 1 The United States Takes Hawaii • The Cry for Annexation • Since 1790s, U.S. merchants stop in Hawaii on way to China, India • 1820s, Yankee missionaries found schools, churches on islands • Mid-1800s, American-owned sugar plantations 75% of islands’ wealth • 1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval base at Pearl Harbor • - becomes refueling station • 1890 McKinley Tariff eliminates duty-free status of Hawaiian sugar • Planters call for U.S. to annex islands so will not have to pay duty Continued . . . NEXT

29. Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii 1875 A treaty allows Hawaiian sugar to be sold in the US; duty-free (TAX-FREE). 1887 American business leaders force the king to change Hawaii’s constitution, so that only the wealthy landowners have voting rights; US forces Hawaii to allow an naval base at Pearl Harbor

30. U.S. TAKES HAWAII Hawaii had been economically important to Americans for centuries To avoid import taxes (tariffs), sugar growers pleaded for annexation The U.S. knew the value of the Islands – they had built a naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1887 Led by Sanford Dole, American annexed Hawaii in 1898 and it formally became a state in 1959

31. Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii 1890 The McKinley Tariff eliminates the duty-free status of Hawaii 1891 Liliuokalani becomes queen of Hawaii

32. Queen Liliuokalani VS. Sanford B. Dole

34. Chapter 10 Section 1 C – What factors led to the annexation of Hawaii in 1898? U.S. ministers John L. Stevens organized a revolution that dethroned Hawaii’s queen in 1891. American plantation owner Sanford B. Dole became head of the new govt. In 1897 William McKinley became president – he favored annexation.

35. SECTION 1 continuedThe United States Takes Hawaii The End of a Monarchy • 1887, businessmen force King Kalakaua to limit vote to landowners • Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning requirement • With help of marines, business groups overthrow queen • Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole • President Cleveland cannot make Dole surrender power to queen - recognizes Republic of Hawaii • Under President McKinley, Congress proclaims Hawaii U.S. territory NEXT

37. Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii 1897 William McKinley becomes US president, favors annexation 1898 Congress proclaims Hawaii American Territory

39. Chapter 10 Section 1 What three factors spurred American Imperialism? • Global competition for colonies • Desire for Military Strength – 3rd largest navy • Thirst for New Markets – need for raw materials

40. Chapter 10 Section 1 Guided Reading: How did Queen Liliuokalani’s main goal conflict with American imperialist’s goals? “Hawaii for Hawaiians” – she wanted to remove the property requirement for voting. Led to Revolution