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Exterior Walls- Framing & Structural Components

Exterior Walls- Framing & Structural Components. Framing/Construction Techniques. General Terms & Methodology Platform Framing Balloon Framing Energy-Efficient Framing Post & Beam(Timber) Steel Framing Concrete Masonry Construction Floor Framing Terms Wall Framing Terms

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Exterior Walls- Framing & Structural Components

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  1. Exterior Walls- Framing & Structural Components

  2. Framing/Construction Techniques • General Terms & Methodology • Platform Framing • Balloon Framing • Energy-Efficient Framing • Post & Beam(Timber) • Steel Framing • Concrete Masonry Construction • Floor Framing Terms • Wall Framing Terms • Exterior Finishes

  3. General Exterior Wall Construction • Walls support vertical loads from • roof • ceiling • floors • Must also resist later forces due to • wind • earthquakes

  4. Typical Wall Construction • One and two story framing • Generally walls are 2” x 4” @ 16” O.C. • Occasionally 2” x 6” @ 16”, 19.2” and 24” O.C. associated with cold climates • Three story framing(load bearing walls) • lower floor = 2” x 6” @ 16” O.C. • other floors = 2” x 4” @ 16” O.C.

  5. Ceiling Joist PlatformFraming Rafter Subfloor or Truss 1. Also called Western Framing 2. Most common today 3. Platform provide area to build walls Blocking Dbl Plate Floor Joist “Platform Framing” Sway Bracing (corner bracing) Girder Ledger Floor Joist Sill Foundation Sheathing

  6. BalloonFraming 1. Studs extend from sill to roof line 2. Also called Eastern Framing 3. Terms similar to Platform Framing. 4. Additional Terms: Ribbon Firestop Balloon Framing Two story length studs

  7. Balloon Framing Terms • Ribbon • Firestop

  8. Balloon Framing • Used primarily for 2 story construction • Less chance of shrinkage or movement • recommended for masonry veneer & stucco • 2nd floor supported by wall with • let-in 1x4 called a ribbon • Less overall material • Longer members usually more costly • Firestop blocking and ribbons required

  9. Two studs and dry wall clips (see class sample) Framing Construction at Corners • 3 full studs • good with super insulated buildings • 3 full studs and blocking • 3 full studs and 1/2” shim

  10. Energy-Efficient Framing • Advanced framing techniques (AFT) • Altering traditional framing methods • see text for examples • Eliminate nonstructural wood with insulation (Wood = R1/inch, Insulation = R3.5 to R8.3/inch) • insulation at corners, insulation at exterior wall behind partition intersections, and insulated headers • Stud spacing (24” OC) • One level height limitation set by code • Structural insulated panels (SIP)

  11. Post &Beam(Timber) beam T&G planks 2x6 or 2x8 1. Relatively new and less common in residential construction 2. Larger members placed further apart 3. Used in heavy timber construction for years post Beam and Post typically 8’ OC

  12. T Post &Beam Construction • Provides vaulted (sloped) ceilings and a more open feeling in the space

  13. Post and Beam Framing using Tongue & Groove Planking • Used for Roof or Floor when structure is space 24” or more O.C.

  14. Steel Framing • Alternate method of framing • lower energy cost • higher strength • better insurance rates and considerations • Similar to platform framing in construction • steel studs • base/plates • steel trusses

  15. Concrete Masonry Construction • Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) • durable, economical material, excellent structural values, poor insulation values • Classifications • hollow • load bearing (ASTM C 90) • solid load-bearing • nonload-bearing (solid or hollow) • Solid Masonry = 75% solid material in cross-section • positions: solider, rowlock, sailor, stretcher, header shiner

  16. Concrete Masonry Shapes

  17. Solid Masonry (Brick) Positions

  18. Structural Components • Floor Systems • conventional framing (Stick Built) • terminology • Floor Bracing • Mid span • End bracing • Framed Wall Construction • bearing walls • nonbearing walls • exterior finishes

  19. Conventional Floor Framing • Conventional (Stick) framing basic terms • mud sill • sole plate(sill) • floor joist • rim joist • anchor bolt • Floor Joist • Solid • TJI • Open web

  20. Floor Bracing • End Bracing • Rim Joist • Blocking

  21. Floor Bracing • Bracing at midspan • solid blocking • cross blocking • wood • metal

  22. Framed Wall Construction • Definition: Bearing walls • Definition: Nonbearing walls

  23. DoublePlate Window/Door Framing Terms CrippleStud or Jack Stud Header • Header • supports structure above windows • Header Jack (trimmer) • supports header • Cripple Studs (jack stud) • Double Plate • Rough Sill(sub sill) • King stud • additional stud to trim out window Header Jack or Trimmer

  24. Framed Wall Construction Shear Wall Design • Resistance to lateral forces resulting from earthquakes or wind • Connections: • 1 sheathing to joist • 2 joist to top wall • 3 edge nailing • 4 tie-down straps • 5 anchor/shear bolts

  25. Exterior Finishes • Wood Siding • Cement Board Siding • Steel Siding • Vinyl Siding • Stucco • Exterior Insulation Finish System (EIFS)

  26. Wood Siding • Various sizes and Shapes • Solid wood • T1-11(plywood) • 4’x8’ sheets • Masonnite Lapboard • 8-12” x 16’

  27. Cement Board Siding • Has texture and look of wood siding but is more weather resistant.

  28. Steel & Vinyl Siding • Higher in Cost and Lower in Maintenance • no painting • A variety of wood textures and patterns • Longer lasting than wood but some Concerns: • expansion • denting • cracking • rusting

  29. Cement Stucco sheathing vs. open frame Least expensive building paper wire fabric lath furring nails drip screed 3 coats of plaster finish brown scratch

  30. Exterior Insulated Finish System (EIFS)

  31. Roof Construction • Basic terms: • slope/pitch--incline of roof • roof member terms--structure of roof • eave/cornice--detail showing wall to roof const • fascia--visible member attached to end of rafters • ridge--top of roof • sheathing--material covering the top of rafters • rafter/ceiling joist--structure framing of roof • soffit--underneath side of roof overhang • vents--in soffit, allows air circulation in attic

  32. Eave and Cornice Detail Terms

  33. Slope vs. Pitch Text book error (noted as pitch symbol) • Slope = Rise/Run • expressed as a ratio • always a base of 12 • placed on dwg. Slope symbol 12 4 • Pitch = Rise/Span • expressed as fraction • reduce to smallest fraction • not placed on drawing, helpful to carpenter

  34. Roof Member Terminology VALLEY JACK RAFTER

  35. Metal Framing Connectors • Keeps structural members from separating

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