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Framing Walls

Framing Walls. Mr. Johanson Technology Education Blue Mountain High School. Objectives . Parts of a wall Plate Layout Story Pole Constructing wall sections Erecting wall sections Double top plate Wall sheathing House wrap. Terminology. Cripple Studs

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Framing Walls

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  1. Framing Walls Mr. Johanson Technology Education Blue Mountain High School

  2. Objectives • Parts of a wall • Plate Layout • Story Pole • Constructing wall sections • Erecting wall sections • Double top plate • Wall sheathing • House wrap

  3. Terminology • Cripple Studs • A stud used above or below a wall opening. Extends from the header to the top plate or from sole plate to rough sill, Also called a jack stud. • Headers • Horizontal structural member that supports the load over an opening, such as a window or door. Also called the lintel

  4. Terminology • House wrap • Plastic sheets used to seal exterior walls against air infiltration • Master Stud Pattern • Similar to a story pole, but has information marked on it for only a portion of the wall • Partition • A wall that subdivides space within and story of a building

  5. Terminology • Rough opening • An opening formed by framing members to receive and support windows or doors • Sheathing • Boards or prefabricated panels that are attached to the exterior studding or rafters of a structures • Soffit • The underside of the members of a building, such as staircases, cornices, beams, and arches. Relatively small in size as compared with ceilings.

  6. Terminology • Sole Plates • The lowest horizontal strip in wall and partition framing. The sole plate is supported by a wood subfloor, concrete slab, or another closed surface • Story pole • A strip of wood used to lay out and transfer measurements for door and window opening, siding, and shingle courses, and stairways

  7. Terminology • Studs • One of a series of vertical structural members in walls and partitions • Top plates • Wall forming members used in conventional platform construction • Trimmers • The beam or floor joist into which a header is framed; adds strength to the side fo the opening

  8. Parts of a wall

  9. Parts of a wall • Studs • Made with either 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 • Spaced 16” O.C. but 24” O.C. is not unheard of • Common heights in the east are 8’ • Studs travel from floor to ceiling uninterupted

  10. Parts of a wall • Trimmer stud • Shortened studs that serve to stiffen up rough openings • Bear direct weight of header • Carpenters normally install trimmers so that all tops are same height, allowing for all to be cut at one time

  11. Parts of a wall • Top plate • Located under the double top plate • Serves as top of wall • Double top plate • Serves to strengthen wall • Over lap at wall intersections and wall breaks to create added strength

  12. Parts of a wall • Header • Structural member above a rough opening • Bears building load for opening • Built with thicker materials for strength, the larger the opening the bigger the material need

  13. Headers

  14. Parts of a wall • Rough sill • Serves as the bottom of a window opening • Cripple studs • Shortened studs that serve to carry loads around doors and windows from sole plate to rough sill or header to top plate

  15. Parts of a wall • Sole plate • Bottom part of wall • Gets nailed directly to the subfloor or concrete floor

  16. Wall parts terminology • King stud • Stud directly next to header • Run full length of wall • Serves to help support opening and give nailing surface to framing members and rough opening components

  17. Wall parts terminology confusion • Jack studs • I was always taught that jack studs were the studs directly next to the king stud as shown here in this picture • However the book calls the cripples jack studs • Like with many areas of construction terms, codes, and general practices vary with region

  18. Building corners • There are two basic ways to frame a corner out • Regardless of which method you choose realize the point is create strength and give a solid nailing surface for interior finishing.

  19. Building Corners

  20. Wall intersetions • These work similarly to corners, the main goal is create a strong intersection yet allowing for proper nailing surface.

  21. Wall intersections

  22. Story poles • What are story poles? • It is a long measuring stick made up by the carpenter on the job • It marks the height for all horizontal members • Story poles are not widely used or often used, there use seems to be limited and considered more of an ancient technique

  23. Assembling wall sections • Wall sections should be assembled on the floor • Starting with any rough openings can help make framing faster • Caution should be taken when using a nail gun • Safety glasses and gloves should be worn to protect yourself from misfires.

  24. Assembling wall sections • Bracing should be attached to the wall before walls are raised • Bracing includes: Sheathing, metal supports or wood supports cut into the studs • In the north east almost all homes have sheathing on them • Check for wall square while the wall in on the ground before attaching sheathing.

  25. Raising wall sections • Before raising walls ensure you have the following completed • Have bracing for holding walls in place • For raising exterior wall sections place blocking to help keep wall sections from sliding off the subfloor • When raising walls by hand splitting walls in sections can help to reduce allow more manageable pieces

  26. Raising wall sections • For larger jobs with larger wall sections cranes and heavy equipment can be used to aid in the process • Once the wall is in place the wall must be plumbed • Some racking of the wall section may be necessary to get the wall into plumb • Ensuring the wall was square prior to placing sheathing will aid in this process

  27. Double top plate • The double top plate is used for reinforcing the wall sections • Any walls split into sections must be reinforced with the double top plate by lapping the joint by at least 4 feet with the double top plate

  28. Sheathing • House sheathing is typically done in either plywood or OSB • Regardless of which one is used make sure it is structural grade • When placing on walls before being raised keep in mind that this will add significant weight to the wall • All wall sheathing should be installed before any roofing is completed

  29. House Wrap • House wrap prevents air movement into or out of a building • This wrap is intended to cover cracks and wall joints where air could possibly infiltrate the house • Common trade names for house wrap is Tyvek and Typar • House wrap also waterproofs the walls keeping water from entering the house from the outside but allowing moisture from the inside out • This property is called Vapor Permeability

  30. Special Framing Situations • When framing around plumbing cuts need to be made to accommodate pipes

  31. Special Framing Situations

  32. Special Framing Situations

  33. Special Framing Situations

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