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Stages of change model

Stages of change model. James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente (1970s). Originally this theory was developed when Prochaska and DiClemente studied how smokers were able to give up their habits (1982 Prochaska studied 872 smokers ) .

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Stages of change model

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  1. Stagesofchangemodel

  2. James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente (1970s) OriginallythistheorywasdevelopedwhenProchaska and DiClementestudiedhowsmokerswereabletogiveuptheir habits (1982 Prochaskastudied 872 smokers). Now it is appliedtovariousfields like weigh loss, injury prevention and drug problems.

  3. General idea: • Behaviouralchangedoesn’t just happen in one step – insteadpeopletendto progress through a series of steps. Cessation is a dynamic process. • The pace is individual. Somestay at one step for the rest oftheirlives. • The decision tochange and tomovethrough the steps must come from within the individualhimself – to force peopletochangeis naive and can be counterproductive.

  4. Relapsesareto be expected! Kem - added a transcendencestage – whereyourpersonality has embracedyour new behaviour. Youare no longer an ex. addict. Stagesofchangetheory

  5. STUDIES WORTH KNOWING- Proschaska (1991) Proschaskaaimedtoseewhether his modelcould be usedtopredict smoking cessation. Procedure: 1466 participantsincluded in a minimum intervention program wereaskedtocompleteassessmentquestionaires (om confidence, perceived stress, physicaltolerance, perceptions ofpros and cons and smoking processesofchange(5)) at the start and afterone and sixmonths. Result: the resultsshowedthatpeople in the preparation stagescoredhigher and ”better” on the otherassessmentquestions. Implication: this is a toolthatcan be usedtopredictwhetherpeoplewill be opentochange or not.

  6. STUDIES WORTH KNOWINGHawkins (2001) Hawkins aim – can the stagesofchangemodel be usedtopredictweight loss. Procedure: 200 AfricanAmericanwomen. 142 wereoverweight or obese. Classifiedinto different stagesofchange. Result: those in the preparation stageweremorelikelytoviewweigh loss as positive thanothergroups. Implication: knowledgeaboutwhetherpeopleare ready or not tochangecan be useful in social support and weigh-loss interventions.

  7. A challengeto the model – the catastrophetheory West and Sohal (2006) – accordingtothemmany ex-smokersreportedthatthey just stopped – withoutmakingany plans. Theycompared ”unplanned” vs ”planned” attemptsto stop smoking (large-scalecross-sectional survey of ex-smokers and smokerswhohadtriedto stop) and sawthatunplannedattemptstoquitwasactuallymoresuccessful. ”Catastophetheory” – onecatastrophycanchangewhatmatters – the motivation – at once.

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