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Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)

Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change). Stages of Change. Principles of Change. Based on a variety of psychological theories of change A person’s relationship to changing a behavior is dynamic The stages of change are NOT linear Relapse/recycling

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Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)

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  1. Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)

  2. Stages of Change

  3. Principles of Change • Based on a variety of psychological theories of change • A person’s relationship to changing a behavior is dynamic • The stages of change are NOT linear • Relapse/recycling • People are in different stages for different behaviors • Steps in behavior change are incremental

  4. Your Role in Change • Clients are competent to make choices and changes in their lives. • Change cannot be imposed. • Reward and encouragement are more effective than punishment and judgment. • Change depends on the pros of change outweighing the cons.

  5. Counseling and Testing • HIV Test • Counseling in Behavior Change • Health Education • Client-centered disclosure counseling • Referrals

  6. Tests • Conventional HIV Testing (2 visits) • Informed Consent • Client receives counseling and gives sample • ELISA or EIA test • If positive 2x at lab, confirmed w/Western Blot • 1-2 wks later, given result

  7. Standardized Test Results • HIV-positive • HIV-negative • Inconclusive

  8. Tests • Rapid Testing (1 visit) • Informed Consent • Oral or blood sample • OraQuick ADVAJNCE rapid HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody test • Health Education or HIV counseling • 20-40 minutes

  9. Results Rapid Test • Preliminary positive • Confirmed positive • Negative • Invalid

  10. Notes on Testing • Does not determine whether or not someone has AIDS • Further testing required to understand state of immune system • Accuracy of tests • Considered one of the most accurate medical screening tests • Positive results tested 2x, negative tested 1x

  11. Further Notes on Testing • 98% of HIV antibody tests given are negative • 2/3rds of clients receiving positive result have previously received at least 4 negative • HIV-positive persons offered variety of referrals • Always make individual assessments and referrals

  12. Informed Consent • Anonymous Testing • Confidential Testing • Differences: • Consent forms • Written results • Identifiers • HIV reporting by name

  13. Window Period • Difference between exposure and infection • Window Period • Incubation Period

  14. Window Period

  15. Practice • Section 2: HIV and the Immune System • 1. What is an antibody? • 2. Why do you test for an antibody instead of the virus itself?

  16. Practice • Section 8: Rapid and Conventional HIV Testing • 3. Why do I have to wait seven to 14 days for a conventional test or confirmatory • positive test result? • 4. Can you tell me if I have AIDS? • 5. What’s the difference between conventional testing and rapid testing? • 6. What does a positive test result mean? • 7. What does a negative test result mean? • 8. What does an inconclusive test result mean? Is an invalid test result the same thing? • 9. What does a preliminary positive mean?

  17. Practice • Section 9: The Window Period • 10. If I test negative, then I don’t have anything to worry about, right? • 11. What is the window period? • 12. How often should I come back for testing? • Section 11: Informed Consent • 13. What is the difference between anonymous and confidential testing? • 14. How sure can I be that the system you have in place is completely confidential?

  18. Safer Sex Demonstration Male Condom Female Condom

  19. THRIVE http://thrive.preventioninstitute.org/thrive/index.php

  20. Community Mapping • http://breeze.cce.cornell.edu/communityresources/

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