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Endocrine system

Endocrine system. CO Mendivil. Feedback. Types of hormonal communication. Autocrine. Paracrine. Endocrine. Intracellular receptors. Signal transduction. Chemical signals. Amines. Adrenaline. Noradrenaline. 2nd messenger. Peptides, proteins. Insulin. GH. Intracellular

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Endocrine system

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  1. Endocrine system CO Mendivil

  2. Feedback

  3. Types of hormonal communication Autocrine Paracrine Endocrine

  4. Intracellular receptors Signaltransduction Chemical signals Amines Adrenaline Noradrenaline 2nd messenger Peptides, proteins Insulin GH Intracellular signalling FSH Lipids Eicosanoids Steroids Cannabinoids Effector response Small molecules - ions Ca++ NO ADP

  5. Noradrenaline Theimportance of the receptor The final effect depends on the RECEPTOR and the IC signal it raises Not on the ligand a1 receptor a2 receptor HR b1 receptor Cont. strength b2 receptor Lipólisis b3 receptor

  6. Time matters Circa dia: “Almost a day” Circadian: Repeated almost every 24 hrs wikipedia.org

  7. My head

  8. A keylocation Posterior pituitary

  9. A keylocation Anterior pituitary

  10. TSH ADH (vasopressin) ACTH Oxytocin Prolactin LH FSH GH

  11. Endocrineaxesusuallyhave 3 levels 1 2 3

  12. Goodsleepfavoursgoodgrowth GH http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/

  13. Tumors of the anterior pituitary are relativelyfrequent

  14. GH producing adenomas are a cause of acromegaly

  15. Symptoms of acromegaly mayvarywidely

  16. Thethyroidgland

  17. Physiological role of iodine Liquid and electrolyte balance Basal metabolic rate D1,D2 T4 T3 Cell turnover Protein synthesis Nutrient oxidation Tissue differentiation

  18. Physiological role of iodine

  19. Physiological role of iodine X X X I-

  20. Physiological role of iodine Braindevelopment Fetal and early postnatal period Iodine defficiency: 1st cause of mental retardation worldwide

  21. Recommended dietary intake Age group RDI 0 - 12 months 50 mg/d 1 - 6 years 90 mg/d 7 - 10 years 120 mg/d Adolescence-adulthood 150 mg/d Pregnancy-lactation 200-300 mg/d Trace elements in human nutrition and health. Geneva: WHO,1996: 49-71

  22. Advantages of iodine supplementation - USI Documented reduction in goiter prevalence: China, Iran, Poland, Cameroon, Perú. Children at risk of mental impairment due to iodine defficiency (worldwide): 1990=40 million 1997=28 million Documented shift upwards in the IQ of school children Documented increase in yield of production of domestic livestock Drug Safety 2000;22:89-95

  23. structure of bone

  24. VitaminD Cholecalciferol

  25. OH Cholesterol OH 7-dehydrocholesterol CH2 OH Cholecalciferol Vitamin D comes fromcholesterol Acetyl-CoA HMG-CoA Squalene Lanosterol UV light

  26. OH OH CH2 CH2 OH OH OH 25 OH-Colecalciferol 1,25 diOH-Colecalciferol OH OH CH2 OH CH2 Colecalciferol OH 24,25 diOH-Colecalciferol OH OH OH CH2 OH 25,26 diOH-Colecalciferol

  27. VitaminD Increasescalcium ABSORPTION at thegut and REABSORPTION at thekidney Regulatesbloodphosphate (reduces absorption) Stimulatesbonedeposition Inhibitsbone RESORPTION

  28. Osteoclastsresorb bone mineral and protein

  29. regulation of calcium levels

  30. regulation of calcium levels

  31. vitamin d

  32. Rickets Consequence of vitamin D deficiency early in life

  33. Osteoporosis Normal spongy bone Osteoporotic spongy bone

  34. The adrenal gland and the stress response

  35. Steroid hormones are derived fromcholesterol

  36. Circadian Rhythm in ACTH and Cortisol Cortisol (mg/dL) ACTH (pg/mL) 15 20 5 1 6am 6pm 6am

  37. Effects of cortisol (and corticosteroid drugs) 1. Increased plasma glucose 2. Inhibits bone deposition, promotes resorption 3. Dampens inflammatory and immune responses 4. Inhibits collagen formation 5. Increases gastric secretions 6. Promotes fluid retention

  38. Excesscortisol produces Cushing’ s syndrome

  39. NEJM, Jan 31, 2008

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