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The development and impact of animal cloning

The development and impact of animal cloning. What is cloning ?. -Natural Cloning. Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. -Artificial Cloning. *Reproductive cloning. *Therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning. -Technique

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The development and impact of animal cloning

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  1. The development and impact of animal cloning

  2. What is cloning ? -Natural Cloning Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. -Artificial Cloning *Reproductive cloning *Therapeutic cloning

  3. Reproductive cloning -Technique -Somatic Cell Nucleus Transfer (SCNT) -procedure of creating exact copy of an original. Procedure -mentioned in Biology notes

  4. Development 1938 Hans Spemann proposed an experiment to transfer one cell's nucleus into an egg without a nucleus (SCNT) 1928 Hans Spemann performs first nuclear transfer experiment. 1952 Tadpole ,cloned by Briggs and King. 1962 Frogs ,cloned by John Gurdon 1963 Carp

  5. 1978 A worldwide debate on cloning ethics 1986 Steen Willadsen cloned cattle 1997 Sheep (Dolly) ,Mice 1998 Lamb (Polly) 1977 Mice ,cloned by Karl Illmensee 2000 Monkey (Tetra), pigs , Asian guar 2001 Cat ,OX , Cattle

  6. 2003 Mule ,Rabbit ,Horse ,Rat 2004 Fruit Flies, Human embryo 2002 Scientists try to clone Thylacine (Tasmanian Tiger) 2005 Dog 2005 Project was stopped Recently , the project has been revived

  7. Impact of reproductive cloning • Cloning animals especially extinct species -Cloning pets Positive : • Infertility • Cloning Human Beings

  8. Discussion Should human beings be cloned ?

  9. -strange anomalies -commercialization and industrialization -unethical experimentation Negative impact : -population -right

  10. Therapeutic cloning Technique -Somatic Cell Nucleus Transfer (SCNT) -procedure for creating stem cells genetically compatible with the patient. Procedure • Developed into blastocyst • Stem cells obtained

  11. Development - The first successful therapeutic cloning was accomplished in 2001- November - Started in 2000 - legal for research purposes in the United Kingdom - In many other countries, the practice is banned

  12. Impact -Research • Reverse heart attacks • Produce organs or tissues Positive impact • Cure diseases e.g Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes

  13. Example Cause • Loss of Dopamine Parkinson's disease -movement disorder Treatment - Inject Levodopa (L-DOPA )

  14. Discussion Should stem cells in cloned embryo be extracted to cure disease ?

  15. Impact Moral and ethical issues • Immoral to create an embryo solely for research • Harvesting the stem cells kill embryos Negative impact -Origin of ova - Method of obtaining eggs - Mutated stem cells

  16. End

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