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A View of a Cell

A View of a Cell. The Life Inside. The Cell Theory. Robert Hooke Studies of cork cells Nearly 200 years later… Three Main Ideas of the Cell Theory All organisms are composed of one or more cells The cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms All cells come from preexisting cells.

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A View of a Cell

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  1. A View of a Cell The Life Inside

  2. The Cell Theory • Robert Hooke • Studies of cork cells • Nearly 200 years later… • Three Main Ideas of the Cell Theory • All organisms are composed of one or more cells • The cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms • All cells come from preexisting cells

  3. Cell Types • Prokaryotes • Mainly bacteria • No nucleus-single strand DNA within the cell • No membrane bound organelles • Contain cell wall • Eukaryotes • Plant and animal cells • Can be unicellular organisms such as algae and yeast • Clearly defined nucleus and organelles

  4. Structure and Function What does all that stuff do?

  5. Cell (Plasma) Membrane • Definition • Separates the cell and its contents from the surrounding environment • Function • “Gatekeeper”-controls what enters and leaves the cell

  6. Cell (Plasma) Membrane • Structure • Two phospholipid layers (bilayer) • Phosphate head-hydrophilic • Lipid tail-hydrophobic • Protein molecules-1/2 or all of way through membrane • Carbohydrate chains

  7. Cell Wall • Definition • Cell structure found in plants • Located outside of the plasma membrane • Function • Rigid barrier that gives the cell support and protection • Structure • Carbohydrate-cellulose

  8. Nucleus • Definition • “Brain” of the cell/control center • Function • Contains chromosomes • Nucleolus-makes ribosomes • Structure • Surrounded by nuclear envelope

  9. Cytoplasm • Definition • Everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus • Structure • Cytosol-jellylike material, mostly water • Organelles-“mini-organs” of the cell

  10. Ribosomes • Function • Manufactures enzymes and other proteins • Structure • Organelle found in the nucleus, free in cytoplasm, or in the lining of the endoplasmic reticulum

  11. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Function • Transports and processes materials through the cell • Structure • Network of membranes that connects nuclear membrane to cell membrane • “accordion folded” • smooth and rough ER

  12. Golgi Apparatus • Function • Responsible for packaging and secreting of cell products • Further modifies proteins • Structure • Flattened tubes

  13. Vacuoles (animal cells) • Function • Temporary storage of materials, such as food, enzymes and other materials needed by the cell • Structure • Many small vacuoles in animal cells

  14. Lysosomes • Function • Garbage collector” • Digest excess or worn out organelles, engulfed viruses and bacteria • Structure • Small sacs inside cytoplasm, can fuse with vacuoles and release enzymes

  15. Mitochondria • Function • “Powerhouse of the cell” • Cellular respiration takes place here to create energy for the cell • Structure • Outer membrane and highly folded inner membrane to allow for a large surface area in a small space

  16. Plastids-Chloroplasts • Function • Captures sunlight and coverts it into food using CO2 and H2O (photosynthesis) • Structure • Appear green because they contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs the energy in sunlight

  17. Plastids-Vacuoles (plant) • Function • Stores water, proteins, sugar, etc • Some store pigments which give plants their color • Structure • Large membrane bound sac

  18. Cilia and Flagella • Function • Allow cell to move-important in unicellular organisms • Structure • Cilia-many short hair-like projections that move in a wave motion • Flagella-longer projections that use a whip-like motion

  19. Cytoskeleton • Function • A constantly changing structure that provides a framework and support for the cell • Structure • Composed of tiny rods and filaments, within the cytoplasm

  20. All pictures fromhttp://www.biology4kids.com

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