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Unit 3 Chapter 7 A View of the Cell

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Unit 3 Chapter 7 A View of the Cell

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    1. Unit 3 Chapter 7 A View of the Cell

    2. History of the Cell theory Anton van Leeuwenhoek’s simple microscope lead to greatly improved microscopes over the next 200 years

    3. Compound light microscopes With light as its energy source, it uses a series of lenses to magnify up to 1500X

    4. Electron microscope Using a beam of electrons as its energy source, it can magnify structures up to 500,000 X their actual size

    5. Cell Theory 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and functions of living things 3) All cells come from preexisiting cells

    6. Basic Cell Types Prokaryotic Small, simple cells without membrane-bound organelles; i.e. bacteria Eukaryotic Large, complex cells containing many specialized organelles; i.e. plants, animals & fungus

    8. Plasma Membrane A flexible boundary between the cell and its environment maintains a balance of nutrients, etc. Selective permeability A process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out

    10. Structure of the Plasma membrane Phospholipids A double layer that creates water-soluble outsides surrounding water insoluble insides Transport Proteins Span the entire membrane to regulate which molecules enter and which leave

    12. Eukaryotic Cell Structures

    13. Nucleus ? cell control Chromatin Strands of genetic material (DNA) that contains the directions for making proteins Nucleolus A prominent body within the nucleus, which makes the ribosomes

    14. Cytoplasmic Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum Highly folded membranes that is the site of cellular chemical reactions Ribosomes Attached to the surface of ER, they carry out the function of protein synthesis

    15. Cytoplasmic Organelles Golgi apparatus A flattened stack of membranes that packages proteins into vesicles to be secreted by the cell

    16. Cytoplasmic Organelles Vacuoles Membrane-bound compartments for temporary storage of materials May be very large in plant cells

    17. Cytoplasmic Organelles Lysosomes Small bodies filled with digestive enzymes that digest worn-out organelles, food particles, and even engulfed bacteria Responsible for the cell’s recycling of materials

    18. Cytoplasmic Organelles Chloroplasts Containing the green pigment, chlorophyll, these oval bodies capture light energy and turn it into chemical energy (photosynthesis)

    19. Cytoplasmic Organelles Mitochondria Rod-shaped organelle with many inner folds, which breaks down sugar to release its stored energy for cell use (cell respiration)

    20. Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoskeleton Tiny rods and filaments (called microtubules) that form a supporting framework for the cell and function in cytoplasmic streaming

    21. Cytoplasmic Organelles Centrioles Pairs of microtubules that play an important role in cell division

    22. Cytoplasmic Organelles Cilia & Flagella External microtubules that aid the cell in locomotion or feeding

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