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Unit 3 Chapter 7 A View of the Cell

Unit 3 Chapter 7 A View of the Cell. History of the Cell theory. Anton van Leeuwenhoek’s simple microscope lead to greatly improved microscopes over the next 200 years. Compound light microscopes. With light as its energy source, it uses a series of lenses to magnify up to 1500X.

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Unit 3 Chapter 7 A View of the Cell

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  1. Unit 3Chapter 7A View of the Cell

  2. History of the Cell theory • Anton van Leeuwenhoek’s simple microscope lead to greatly improved microscopes over the next 200 years

  3. Compound light microscopes • With light as its energy source, it uses a series of lenses to magnify up to 1500X

  4. Electron microscope • Using a beam of electrons as its energy source, it can magnify structures up to 500,000 X their actual size (a pin head)

  5. Cell Theory • 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells • 2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and functions of living things • 3) All cells come from preexisiting cells

  6. Basic Cell Types • Prokaryotic • Small, simple cells without membrane-bound organelles; i.e. bacteria • Eukaryotic • Large, complex cells containing many specialized organelles; i.e. plants, animals & fungus

  7. Plasma Membrane • A flexible boundary between the cell and its environment maintains a balance of nutrients, etc. • Selective permeability • A process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out

  8. Structure of the Plasma membrane • Phospholipids • A double layer that creates water-soluble outsides surrounding water insoluble insides • Transport Proteins • Span the entire membrane to regulate which molecules enter and which leave

  9. Eukaryotic Cell Structures

  10. Nucleus cell control • Chromatin • Strands of genetic material (DNA) that contains the directions for making proteins • Nucleolus • A prominent body within the nucleus, which makes the ribosomes

  11. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Endoplasmic reticulum • Highly folded membranes that is the site of cellular chemical reactions • Ribosomes • Attached to the surface of ER, they carry out the function of protein synthesis

  12. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Golgi apparatus • A flattened stack of membranes that packages proteins into vesicles to be secreted by the cell

  13. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Vacuoles • Membrane-bound compartments for temporary storage of materials • May be very large in plant cells

  14. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Lysosomes • Small bodies filled with digestive enzymes that digest worn-out organelles, food particles, and even engulfed bacteria • Responsible for the cell’s recycling of materials

  15. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Chloroplasts • Containing the green pigment, chlorophyll, these oval bodies capture light energy and turn it into chemical energy (photosynthesis)

  16. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Mitochondria • Rod-shaped organelle with many inner folds, which breaks down sugar to release its stored energy for cell use (cell respiration)

  17. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Cytoskeleton • Tiny rods and filaments (called microtubules) that form a supporting framework for the cell and function in cytoplasmic streaming

  18. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Centrioles • Pairs of microtubules that play an important role in cell division

  19. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Cilia & Flagella • External microtubules that aid the cell in locomotion or feeding

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