Plagiarism and APA

1. Plagiarism and APA Kelly Burke January 31, 2012

2. Learning Goals • You should be able to define plagiarism. • You should be able to identify different forms of plagiarism • You should be able to apply APA style for the sources you use in your research

3. The True or False of Plagiarism • True or False • If I use my own words to paraphrase an author’s ideas in an article I don’t have to include a citation. • FALSE! • You must give credit to ideas that you paraphrase.

4. The True or False of Plagiarism • True or False • If I quote something from one of my own articles or pieces of work, I don’t have to cite it. • FALSE! • You cannot reuse your previous work without citing the original source; this is a form of self-plagiarism.

5. The True or False of Plagiarism • True or False • If I include the author’s name, the date of the publication, and a page number for an idea or quote that I use from an article then I have not committed plagiarism. • True! • These are the basic elements of in in-text citation.

6. What is plagiarism? What do you think plagiarism is? Some definitions: • Plagiarism is taking someone else’s ideas or words without giving them credit. • SIAST (2010) defines it as “representing the words, ideas, work or images of another as one’s own” (p. 3). http://www.siast.sk.ca/about/policies_procedures/pdf/a25.pdf

7. The What and Why of APA • Who knows what a style guide is? • What are citations and references? • Why cite sources?

8. Citations versus References • Citations are used in the body of your paper to indicate when you have used someone’s words or ideas • Referred to as in-text citations • References are listed at the end of your paper, and keep track of all the citations that appear in your paper.

9. Why cite Sources? • Any ideas? • Most obvious is to avoid plagiarism! • It is concerned with information ethics. • It gives credit where credit is due. • To guide readers to the sources you used • To show the reader what you based your work on. • Cultivates a sense of professionalism and a spirit of collaboration among researchers.

10. Crediting Sources • There are two ways of giving credit to sources used in an APA paper: • In-text citations and, • Reference list at end of the paper • In-text citations are used when you: • Paraphrase a section of a source or use someone’s idea(s) or • Directly quote from a source • Uses the author-date system; include pages when directly quoting

11. In-Text Citations • Examples can be found on the Purdue’s OWL website http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/

12. Direct Quotes • Less than 40 words: “Compared to non-users, people who use opioids intravenously are at far greater risk of contracting blood-borne diseases and passing them on to others” (Magnin, 2006, para. 2).

13. Direct Quotes • More than 40 words Courts have shown deliberate indifference as evidenced by proving there are such systems of care with gross deficiencies in staffing, facilities and equipment, or that providers deny access to care. Correctional administrators must ask themselves if deficient conditions exist, for offenders who are medically or mentally ill, in administrative segregation, resulting in possible constitutional risk for cruel and unusual punishment. (Maue, 2006, p. 2)

14. Reference List • At the end of a paper, include the Reference List • What’s included in a citation? Depends on the resource… • Books: author(s), date published, title of work, and publisher information • Journal article: author(s), date published, title of article, name of journal, volume and issue, pages http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/05/

15. General Guidelines for Reference List • Reference List • Alphabetical by author’s last name • On a separate sheet at the end of your essay • Only includes references that you have actually cited in your paper (in-text)

16. Practice Time! • Open up your email and save the attachment to the desktop • Practice formatting the paper to APA standards

17. What’s Wrong with this Citation? Henderson, S. (2002) Factors impacting on nurses’ transference of theoretical knowledge of holistic care into clinical practice. Nurse Education in Practice, 2(4), 244-250. Pape, T. (2000). Boyer’s model of scholarly nursing applied to professional development. Association of PeriOperative Registered Nurses Journal, 71(5), 995-1003. These ideas constitute a holisticapproach to nursing, with caring as a major part(Henderson). Boyer’s model of scholarship, whichhas been a guide to an understanding of nursing scholarshipsince 1990, includes the scholarship of discovery,integration, application, and teaching (Pape, 2008).

18. More Practice Cross, P.K. (1981). Adults as learners. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Nursing scholars lead the profession and maintain an interactive connection between theory and practice. “Theory without practice is empty, and practice without theory is blind” (Cross, 1981). Thus nursing scholarship does not occur in a vacuum.

19. Yet more practice. Nadzam, D. (2009). Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24(3), 184-188. The Joint Commission update: Nurses’ role in communication and patient safety. Hiatt, J.M. (2006). ADKAR: A model for change in business, government and our community: How to implement successful change in our personal lives and professional careers. Loveland, CO: Prosci Research McKinney, K., & Cross, K.P. (2007). Enhancing learning through the scholarship of teaching and learning: The challenges and joys of juggling. Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass. Meleis, A.I. Revisions in knowledge development: A passion for substance. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice,1(1), 5-19.

20. Formatting your Paper • 1 inch margins all around • Double-space all writing • Times New Roman, 12-pt font • Left align text - DO NOT JUSTIFY • Indent first line of every paragraph and footnote • Use tab key set to ½ inch or 5-7 spaces • Place a header (running header) on every page • Title flush left and page number flush right

21. Questions or Comments?