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Post WWI Diplomacy

Post WWI Diplomacy. Unit 8.1. Fourteen Points. During WWI, President Wilson tried to shape the peace settlement. Some of the broader ideas: Many territorial questions Recognition of Freedom of the seas End of secret treaties Reduce national armies and navies

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Post WWI Diplomacy

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  1. Post WWI Diplomacy Unit 8.1

  2. Fourteen Points • During WWI, President Wilson tried to shape the peace settlement. • Some of the broader ideas: • Many territorial questions • Recognition of Freedom of the seas • End of secret treaties • Reduce national armies and navies • Self-determination of many nationalities in Europe • General association of nations (what would become League of Nations )

  3. Treaty of Versailles • President Wilson came to defend his Fourteen Points • Many of his ideas were included • Germany had to admit guilt for the war and pay Reparations • Article X – established the League of Nations

  4. Battle for the Treaty in the Senate • Irreconcilables • Could not accept membership into the League of Nations no matter what. • Would not vote for it at all • Reservationists • Led by Henry Cabot Lodge • Would accept it if certain provisions were added • President Wilson chose to fight this and it would be the downfall of the treaty. • Treaty was rejected and the U.S. never joined the League.

  5. Isolationists? • Washington Conference (1921) • Naval disarmament • US – 5 • Britain – 5 • Japan – 3 • France – 1.67 • Italy – 1.67 • How did this plan actually help Japan in the Pacific? • Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) • Idea led by Jane Addams (won Nobel Prize) • Renounced War as an instrument of foreign policy • Signed by 62 nations • Failed to provide for action against violators

  6. Dawes Plan • (Not Dawes Act with Indians – but Dawes Plan) • Cycle of payments flowing from U.S. to Germany and from Germany to the allies (Reparations). Britain and France then used money to pay back loans from U.S. in WWI. • Stock Market crash in 1929 stopped the U.S. loans and made recession worse in Europe. • Effects: Many Europeans resented what they saw as U.S. greed, while many Americans saw more reasons to be isolationists in the 1930s.

  7. Early 1930s • Good Neighbor Policy • (actually started by Hoover) • Roosevelt improved relations with Western Hemisphere nations • Benefited the U.S. during WWII as we did not have threats here (no Zimmerman) • Amendment proposed to make Declaration of War a referendum vote • What does this show? • Recognition of Soviet Union • During the Red Scare, Republican Presidents of the 1920s refused diplomatic recognition • Roosevelt does in 1933 (says to boost trade), would be an ally in WWII • Mainly Isolationist – overall attitude

  8. Mid 1930s • As events in Europe and China unfolded the U.S. reacted in a mainly isolationist fashion. • Neutrality Acts (of 1935, 36, 37) • America First Committee – spoke out against the U.S. getting involved in WWII (before Pearl Harbor). • Included Charles Lindbergh • Spanish Civil War and Munich Conference – U.S. did not get involved and indirectly helped the Fascists become more powerful

  9. Links • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcrRrst1i0g – little hitler • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jo87Q1Y48ws – Kellogg-Briand pact

  10. Reflection Questions • How did the 1st World War effect the U.S. and how it dealt with international policy during the 1920s and 1930s? • In what ways did the United States have a false sense of security with its post-WWI foreign policy? • How did the U.S. both create and kill the League of Nations? • What did the U.S. do that helped create the 2nd World War?

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