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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. Functions of the Respiratory System. Brings Oxygen into the blood. Removes Carbon Dioxide from the blood stream. Pulmonary Ventilation: Exchange of air between external environment and the air sacs of the lungs.

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System

  2. Functions of the Respiratory System • Brings Oxygen into the blood. • Removes Carbon Dioxide from the blood stream. • Pulmonary Ventilation: Exchange of air between external environment and the air sacs of the lungs. • External Respiration: Exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood stream. • Internal Respiration: Exchange of gases between the blood stream and the body cells. • Respiration: All three of the above put together.

  3. Organs of the Respiratory System • Upper Respiratory Tract • Nose: Initial receiving chamber for inhaled air. • Vestibule: Small chamber of nose (nasal cavity) • Nasal Cavity: Larger chamber of nose (nasal cavity) • Nasal Septum: Divides the nose (nasal cavity) in half • Nasal Conches: 3 boney projection in the nasal cavity that increase airflow. • Pharynx: (AKA the throat) • Runs from the nasal cavity to the larynx • Carries the oxygenated air to the larynx • Carries food to the esophagus

  4. Organs of the Respiratory System Cont… • Larynx: Connects the pharynx to the trachea • Adam’s Apple: Enlargement of Larynx in males. • Voice Box: • Vocal Cords: are folds of elastic fibers that vibrate when air rushes past them. • Doesn’t contain cilia ( why you must clear your throat) • Epiglottis: Flap that covers the trachea when you are swallowing food to prevent food from passing into the lungs. • When you swallow the Larynx moves up and the Epiglottis moves down.

  5. Organs of the Respiratory System Cont.. • Lower Respiratory Tract • Trachea: ( 4 ½ inches long) • AKA the wind pipe • Divides in the thoracic cavity to form the right and left bronchi. • Lined with mucous membranes and cilia which are used to move dust particles and bacteria towards the pharynx. • Bronchial Tree: • Primary Bronchi-Distal end of bronchial tree (where trachea splits in two) • Bronchioles-Subdivisions of primary bronchi (more branching) • Alveolar Ducts- Smallest tubes of the bronchial tree. • Alveoli- Small round sacs at the end of each alveolar ducts. • 300-500 million in each lung • Location of gas exchange( between blood and the air of the lungs) • One cell thick • Have the surface area of a tennis court • Allow for the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

  6. Conditions of the Respiratory System • Hypoxia: A deficiency in the amount of oxygen being delivered to the tissues of the body (often used in reference to the supply of oxygen to the brain) • COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder, a group of disorders that result in difficulty expelling air from the lungs. • Bronchitis: Inflammation of the tissue lining the bronchial tubes. • Asthma: Disorder of respiration(often allergenic), characterized by bronchio-spasm, wheezing, and difficulty in expiration, often accompanied by coughing and a feeling of constriction in the chest.

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