History of sports med and the Sports Medicine Team

1. History of sports med andthe Sports Medicine Team

2. Sports Medicine Definition:Branch of medicine concerned with the medical aspects of sports participation Athletic Trainers: health care professionals who specialize in preventing, recognizing, managing and rehabilitating injuries

3. Historical perspectives • Evidence of sporting events have been around since early societies • Greeks and Romans • Athletic training as we know it came into existence during the late 19th century with the establishment of intercollegiate and interscholastic athletes in the US. • Early athletic trainers possessed no technical knowledge and used various methods such at rubs, ointments, counterirritants and home remedies to treat the athlete • It has taken MANY years for the athletic trainer to attain the status of a well-qualified and educated allied health care professional

4. Trainers vs Athletic Trainers • Historically, “training” implies the act of coaching or teaching • In comparison, “athletic training” has been known as the field concerned with the athlete’s health and safety • What is a “trainer”???? Someone who trains dogs or horses or functions in coaching or teaching acts • What is an ATHLETIC TRAINER??? A certified or licensed individual who specializes in the prevention and care of athletic injuries or illnesses

5. Roles and Responsibilitiesof Athletic Trainers • The AT is the person who deals with the patient throughout the initial injury managementand rehabilitation process from restricted use to return to play activity • FIVE DOMAINS • 1. Injury/prevention and wellness protection • 2. Clinical evaluation and diagnosis • 3. Immediate and emergency care • 4. Treatment and rehabilitation • 5. Organization and professional health and well-being

6. Roles and Responsibilitiesof the Athletic Trainer • Prevention • Conducting Pre-participation physical exams • Developing Training and conditioning programs • Ensuring a safe playing environment by minimizing safety hazards • Selecting, fitting, and maintaining protective equipment • Explaining the importance of diet and lifestyle choices

7. Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer • Proper medication usage • Clinical evaluation and diagnosis • Understanding pathology of injury and illness • Referring patients to medical care • Referring patients to other support services • Immediate and Emergency Care • Treatment and Reconditioning • Designing and supervising rehab programs • Incorporating Therapeutic modalities

8. Roles and Responsibilities of Athletic Trainers • Offering psychosocial intervention • Record keeping • Ordering equipment and supplies • Supervising personnel • Establishing policies and procedures • Continuing education • Educator • Counseling and advising patients • Research

9. Qualities needed • Stamina and ability to adapt to job • Empathy • Sense of humor • Ability to communicate • Intellectual curiosity • Ethical • Professional membership

10. Sports Medicine • Sports Participation • In the United States, 6.7 million public high school children are involved in sports activities annually. • Title IX Education Assistance Act of 1972 • Since its passing, female sports participation increased by 700%. • Research indicates injuries are sports specific, NOT gender specific.

11. General Injury Data *According to a Pennsylvania study, rates of athletic injuries among of high school students were: • Football – 46.7% • Boys’ basketball –10% • Wrestling – 9.68% • Girls basketball – 7.5% • In a two-year study of a community sports program, children participating in soccer had the highest rate of injury, followed by baseball, football, and softball. • Contusions were the most common injury. • Definition of Sports Injury • There is no universally acceptable definition. • The majority of today’s definitions use “time lost” criteria as the major determinant.

12. Extent of Injuries: Tackle Football • 25.5 injuries for every 100 players with the highest rate of injury occurring during games. • Game injury rates were double the rates seen in practice. • Hip, thigh, and leg regions injured most often. • 2.4% of injuries required surgery, and of those 59.4% involved the knee. • Contusions, strains, sprains, and fractures are common injuries. • Offensive players have higher risk than defensive players. • Older players have higher risk than younger ones. • Spinal cord and brain injuries are a major concern.

13. Extent of Injuries: Basketball • Ankle sprains are the most common injury in both sexes. • Girls have higher risk of knee injuries than boys and are more likely to require surgery. • The rate of ACL injury during games was 3 times higher for women than men.

14. Extent of Injuries: Baseball • In 2004, over 450,000 high school boys participated. • Nearly 12% sustained injuries. • Forearm/wrist/hand or shoulder/arm were often injured. • Of these injuries, most were strains or sprains. • Children between the ages 5 and 14 have increased vulnerability to chest impact injuries from balls. • Little League Elbow – Chronic elbow injuries are a concern for adolescent pitchers. • Sidearm pitching presents the greatest risk for elbow problems.

15. Extent of Injuries: Wrestling • In 2004, there were over 240,000 high school participants. • About 27% sustained injuries. • Collisions with opponents and mats, and takedown and escape maneuvers resulted in various injuries. • Shoulder/arm, knee, and forearm/wrist/hand were injured most often. • Most of these injuries were strains & sprains. • Friction burns, skin infections, weight management, and “cauliflower ear” are also common issues.

16. Extent of Injuries: Volleyball • Extent of Injuries: Volleyball • During 2004, nearly 400,000 high school girls participated. • Nearly 15% suffered injury, mostly sprains. • Ankle/foot region is most often injured.

17. Extent of Injuries: Soccer • In the United States, there are 14 million participants under 18 years of age. • During the 2002 season almost: • 340,000 high school boys participated. • 300,000 high school girls participated. • Contusions are the most common injury. • The majority of injuries are in the lower extremity – accounting for about 60% of total injuries. • Female athletes have a higher ratio of knee, specifically ACL, injuries than male athletes. • Research has shown that the majority of head injuries result from collisions not intentional heading. • Improperly constructed, movable soccer goals have been involved in a number of severe injuries and deaths.

18. Professional Associations • NATA – National Athletic Trainers Association • 10 Districts; established in 1950 • SWATA – Southwest Athletic Trainers Association • District 6 of the NATA ( Texas and Arkansas); established in 1954

19. Professional Organizations • FIMS- International Federation of Sports Medicine • AAFP- American Academy of Family Physicians • ACSM- American College of Sports Medicine • AOSSM- American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine • NSCA- National Strength and Conditioning Association

20. Professional Organizations • American Academy of Pediatrics, Sports Committee • APTA- American Physical Therapy Association, Sports Physical Therapy Section • NCAA- NCAA Committee on Competitive Safegaurds and Medical Aspects in Sports • NASM- National Academy of Sports Medicine

21. Sports Medicine Team The team’s role in medical management of athletes includes: Coordinating pre-participation physical exams. • Providing medical management of injuries and illnesses on and off the field. • Coordinating rehab and a safe return to participation after illness or injury. • Providing education and counseling for coaches, athletes, and parents. • Providing proper documentation and medical record keeping.

22. Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team? Primary Care Physicians Orthopedic Surgeons Athletic Trainers Sports Physical Therapists Dentists Exercise Physiologist Strength & Conditioning Coaches Sports Nutritionists Sports Psychologists Podiatrist Biomechanist Sports Massage Therapy Why?

23. Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team? • Primary Care Physician (MD)– general practitioner • Treats acute or chronic illness and provides preventative care and health education for all ages and genders. • When your sick, wellness check ups, physicals, etc.. • Orthopedic- Doctor who specializes in bones, muscular tissue, joints, ligaments, and tendons. • Sets broken bones, dislocations, strains, sprains, degenerative issues, etc…

24. Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team? • Sports Psychologist – Studies the human mind (not a medical Dr.; can not prescribe) • Deals with mental health issues among athletes. • Career ending injuries, long term rehabilitation, personal issues, etc. • Dentist – Treats and examines dental issues • Broken/Chipped tooth, Avulsion, Infection, etc.. • Podiatrist – Treats and diagnoses disorders and injuries to the foot and ankle • Plantar fasciitis, bunions, foot mechanics, etc…

25. Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team? • Ophthalmologist – Treats diseases and conducts surgeries of the eye and pathways • Object impaled in the eye, retina detachment, etc… • Optometrist – Conducts eye exams and vision issues related to the eye • Glasses and contacts

26. Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team? • Exercise Physiologist – Study of acute/chronic changes in response to a wide range of exercise conditions (effect of exercise on pathology) • Research studies/ clinical trials • Biomechanist – analyze human motion; studies human movement

27. Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team? • Sports Physical Therapist – A physical therapist who is highly trained in the rehabilitation, evaluation, and treatment of an injury specifically dealing with an athlete or athletic injury.

28. Key Team Members • Coaches • Team Physicians – Captain of the Team • NATABOC-Certified Athletic Trainer (ATC) or Licensed Athletic Trainer (LAT)

29. Coaches Coaches in public school settings should be trained in: • Basic conditioning procedures. • Maintenance and fitting of protective equipment. • First aid/CPR/AED training • Recognition and management of common sports injuries. • Skills instruction

30. Athletic Trainer BOC-Certified Athletic Trainer: an allied health care professional with extensive education in clinical care & prevention of sports injuries. Athletic trainers receive formal instruction in: • Injury prevention. • Recognition, evaluation, and immediate care. • Treatment and rehabilitation. • Health care organization and administration. • Professional development and responsibility.

31. Athletic Trainer • LAT – Licensed Athletic Trainer: Licensed to practice injury prevention, recognition, assessment, management, treatment, disposing of, and reconditioning athletic injuries under the direction of a physician licensed in the state of Texas. • Student must complete 1,800 internship hours to be eligible

32. BOC Certification To qualify: • Complete a CAATE-accredited Athletic Training Education Program (ATEP). • TCU, Texas State, SFA, Baylor, UTA, Texas Tech, Arkansas, UCA • Take certification examination that is now offered via a national network of computerized testing centers • Takes 2-4 hours to complete; 150 questions

33. Professional Settings for Athletic Trainers

34. Professional Settings for Athletic Trainers • Colleges/Universities • Secondary Schools • Professional Sports • Rehabilitation Clinics/Hospitals • Industrial Settings • NASCAR • Academic • Corporate Settings • Military • Rodeo • Fine Arts • Law Enforcement • NASA • Medical Equipment Sales • Physician Extender • Recreational Sports

35. How Do You Get an Athletic Training Job? • Open Position Postings • School websites, professional association websites (TSATA, NATA & SWATA) • Networking • Annual Symposiums/conferences • Job postings and interviews

36. Resume • Name/Contact Information • Objective • Education • Certifications/Licenses • Work Experience • Awards/honors • Activities • References