Chapter 1: The Sports Medicine Team

1. Chapter 1:The Sports Medicine Team

2. What is an athletic trainer concerned with? • The well-being of an athlete and generally assumes the responsibility of overseeing the total health care for the athlete.

3. What is a major problem that lies with the millions of sports participants who incur injuries or illness that could have been prevented? • Later, as a consequence, develop more serious chronic conditions.

4. What are the six performance domains of the athletic trainer? • Prevention of athletic injuries • Recognition, evaluation, assessment • Immediate care • Treatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioning • Organization and administration • Professional development and responsibility

5. How can the athletic trainer minimize the risk of injury? • Ensuring appropriate training and conditioning of the athlete • Monitoring environmental conditions to ensure safe participation • Selecting, properly fitting, and maintaining protective equipment • Making certain that the athlete is eating properly • Making sure the athlete is using medications appropriately while discouraging substance abuse

6. What are the personal qualities an athletic trainer should have? • Stamina and ability to adapt • Empathy • Sense of humor • Ability to communicate • Intellectual curiosity • Ethics

7. Who assumes the responsibility for diagnosing an injury? • The team physician

8. What should the athletic trainer be capable of doing? • An accurate initial evaluation after acute injury

9. Chapter 7:Protective Sports Equipment

10. What is the definition of prophylactic? • Refers to prevention, preservation, or protection

11. What are the two things about sports equipment that are essential in the prevention of many sports injuries? • Proper selection and proper fit

12. What is the concern with a piece of equipment that is protective to one athlete? • It may be used as a weapon against another athlete

13. Why should old, worn-out, ill-fitting equipment never be passed down to younger, less experienced players? • It compounds their chances for injuries

14. What are stock devices? • They are pre-made and pre-packaged and are for immediate use

15. What are customized devices? • Devices constructed according to the individual characteristics of the athlete

16. Stock items may cause what problems? • Sizing problems

17. Chapter 8:Bandaging and Taping

18. What are the nine rules for tape application? • If the part to be taped is a joint, place it in the position in which it is to be stabilized. • Overlap the tape at least half the width of the tape below. • Avoid continuous taping. • Keep the tape roll in the hand whenever possible. • Smooth and mold the tape as it is laid on the skin. • Allow the tape to fit the natural contour of the skin. • Start taping with an anchor piece and finish by applying a lock strip. • Where maximum support is desired, tape directly over the skin. • Do not apply tape if skin is hot or cold from a therapeutic modality.

19. Chapter 3:Legal Concerns

20. What is liability? • Being legally responsible for the harm one causes another person

21. What is negligence? • The failure to use ordinary or reasonable care

22. What is a tort? • Legal wrongs committed against a person which may emanate from an act of omission or from an act of commission.

23. What is an act of omission? • The individual fails to perform a legal duty

24. What is an act of commission? • Commits an act that is not legally his or hers to perform.

25. When is negligence alleged? • When an individual does something that a reasonably prudent person would not do or fails to do something that a reasonably prudent person would do under circumstances similar to those shown by the evidence

26. What is a statute of limitations? • Sets a specific length of time that individuals may sue for damages from negligence

27. What is an assumption of risk? • The individual, through expressed or implied agreement, assumes that some risk or danger will be involved in the particular undertaking. In other words, a person takes his or her own chances.

28. How does a coach reduce his or her chance of litigation? • warn athletes of potential dangers inherent in their sport • supervise regularly and attentively • properly prepare and condition athletes • properly instruct athletes in the skills of their sport • ensure that proper and safe equipment and facilities are used by athletes at all times

29. How does an athletic trainer reduce his or her chance of litigation? • work to establish good personal relationships with athletes, parents, and coworkers • establish specific policies and guidelines for operation of an athletic training facility, and maintain qualified and adequate supervision of the training room, its environ, facilities, and equipment at all times • develop and carefully follow an emergency plan • become familiar with health status and medical history of the athletes under his or her care so as to be aware of particular problems that could present a need for additional care or caution

30. How does an athletic trainer reduce his or her chance of litigation? • keep factually accurate and timely records that document all injuries and rehabilitation steps, and set up a record retention policy that allows records to be kept and used in defense of litigation that may be brought by athletes. A record retention system needs to keep records for long enough to defend against suits brought by athletes after they attain the age of eighteen • document efforts to maintain a safe playing environment • have a detailed job description in writing • obtain, from athletes and from parents or guardians when minors are involved, written consent for providing health care

31. How does an athletic trainer reduce his or her chance of litigation? • maintain confidentiality of medical records • exercise extreme caution in the administration, if allowed by law, of non-prescription medications; athletic trainers may not dispense prescription drugs • use only those therapeutic methods that he or she is qualified to use and that the law states may be used • not use or permit the presence of faulty or hazardous equipment • work cooperatively with the coach and the team physician in the selection and use of sports protective equipment, and insist that the best be obtained, properly fitted, and properly maintained

32. How does an athletic trainer reduce his or her chance of litigation? • not permit injured players to participate unless cleared by the team physician. Players suffering a head injury should not be permitted to re-enter the game. In some states a player who has suffered a concussion may not continue in the sport for the balance of the season. • Develop an understanding with the coaches that an injured player will not be allowed to re-enter competition until, in the opinion of the team physician or the athletic trainer, he or she is psychologically and physically able. Athletic trainers should not allow themselves to be pressured to clear an athlete until he or she is fully cleared by the physician.

33. How does an athletic trainer reduce his or her chance of litigation? • Follow the express orders of the team physician at all times • Purchase professional liability insurance that provides adequate financial coverage and be aware of the limitations of the policy • Know the limitations of his or her expertise as well as the applicable state regulations and restrictions that limit the athletic trainers scope of practice • Use common sense in making decisions about an athlete’s health and safety. In the case of an injury the athletic trainer must use reasonable care to prevent additional injury until further medical care is obtained

34. Chapter 14:Bloodborne Pathogens

35. How are bloodborne pathogens transmitted? • Through contact with blood or other bodily fluids

36. What are the modes of transmission? • Human blood, semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid

37. What are the two bloodborne pathogens of special concern? • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

38. Signs and Symptoms Flu-like symptoms Jaundice Mode of Transmission Direct contact Indirect contact Infectious Materials Blood Saliva Semen Feces Food Water Other products Transmission of Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

39. Signs and Symptoms Fever Night sweats Weight loss Diarrhea Severe fatigue Swollen lymph nodes Lesions Mode of Transmission Direct contact Indirect contact Infectious Materials Blood Semen Feces Vaginal Fluids Transmission of Human immunodeficiency virus HIV/AIDS