Race And Religion

1. Race And Religion Why Religion Exists What Would Martin Do? Are Religious People More Prejudiced? Sociologist W.E.B. DuBois On Religion Changes In Hispanic Religiosity

2. Functionalism Says . . . . • To Provide Social Cohesion • To Provide Social Control • To Provide Meaning And Purpose • To influence and reinforce societal integration by legitimating society’s values and norms • Conflict Theory Says . . . . • To Maintain Social Inequality • To Mirror Social Inequality • To Serve As An “Opiate” • To legitimate a status quo that benefits • society’s elites and diverts our attentions • from inequality Why Does Religion Exist?!

3. What Would MLK Do? “To compare rich, privileged homosexual lobby groups allied with transsexuals and sadomasochists to brave civil rights crusaders — who risked their lives to advance freedom — insults every black American who overcame real injustice and poverty. It’s time for the homosexual lobby to stop co-opting the black civil rights struggle. The [homosexual] agenda of promoting perversion would offend the vast majority of African-Americans who understand the difference between God-designed racial distinctions and changeable, immoral behavior.” Sandy Rios, Former President Of Concerned Women Of America (September 2002) “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.” Martin Luther King, Jr. (April 1963)

4. Public Policy . . . . “Almighty God created the races white, black, yellow, Malay and red, and He placed them on separate continents. And but for the interference with His arrangement there would be no cause for such marriages. The fact that He separated the races shows that He did not intend for the races to mix.” Judge Leon Bazile (1959) 1959 1961 1966 States where interracial marriages were illegal are shaded red

5. . . . because the Bible tells me so. Ephesians 6:5-9: “Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you would obey Christ. Obey them not only to win their favor when their eye is on you, but like slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. Serve wholeheartedly, as if you were serving the Lord, not men, because you know that the Lord will reward everyone for whatever good he does, whether he is slave or free.” 1 Timothy 6:1-3 "All who are under the yoke of slavery should consider their masters worthy of full respect, so that God's name and our teaching may not be slandered. Those who have believing masters are not to show less respect for them because they are brothers. Instead, they are to serve them even better, because those who benefit from their service are believers, and dear to them. These are the things you are to teach and urge on them.” The Curse Of Cain The Tower Of Babel The Curse Of Ham

6. Public Policy . . . . “I do not support gay marriage. Marriage has religious and social connotations, and I consider marriage to be between a man and a woman.” Sen. Barack Obama (2008) “Marriage has got historic, religious and moral content that goes back to the beginning of time. I think a marriage is as a marriage has always been: between a man and a woman.” Hillary Clinton (2000)

7. . . . because the Bible tells me so. Romans 1:26-27 “Because of this, God gave them over to shameful lusts. Even their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural ones. In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed with lust for one another. Men committed indecent acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their perversion.” 1 Corinthians 6:9 “Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male prostitutes nor homosexual offenders nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God.” Adam & Eve (Not Adam And Steve) “Every Man Should Have His Own Wife” Sodom & Gomorrah

8. Religion Can Be A Solution “I must admit that I have gone through those moments when I was greatly disappointed with the church and what it has done in this period of social change. We must face the fact that in America, the church is still the most segregated major institution in America. This is tragic.” (1963) “It seems I can hear God saying to America ‘you are too arrogant, and if you don't change your ways, I will rise up and break the backbone of your power, and I will place it in the hands of a nation that doesn't even know my name. Be still and know that I'm God.’” (1967) It's all right to talk about "long white robes over yonder.” But ultimately people want some suits and dresses and shoes to wear down here. It's all right to talk about "streets flowing with milk and honey," but God has commanded us to be concerned about the slums down here, and his children who can't eat three square meals a day. (1968)

9. “No one’s enslaving homosexuals or making them sit in the back of the bus. Homosexuality is not a civil right. The civil rights movement was born from the Bible. God hates homosexuality.” (Alveda King 1997) “I know in my sanctified soul that [my father] did not take a bullet for same-sex marriage.” (Bernice King 2004) “I appeal to everyone who believes in Martin Luther King’s dream to make room at the table of brother and sisterhood for lesbian and gay people.” (Coretta Scott King 1998) “If you are gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender, you do not have the same rights as other Americans. For a nation that prides itself on liberty, justice and equality for all, this is totally unacceptable.” (Yolanda King 2006) What King’s Family Says

10. • Measuring Religiosity? Church Attendance, Church Membership, Biblical Literalism, Personal Prayer, Religious Beliefs • Values Promoting Racial Intolerance: Strong Religious Identification: One’s religion is considered very important in their life. Most churches and religious traditions are segregated. Extrinsic Religiosity: Religiosity motivated by external factors such as desires for social status, security, and acceptance from others. Religion is a means to an end. Religious Fundamentalism: Religiosity that reflects an unquestioning, unwavering certainty in basic religious truths. Are Religious People More Prejudiced?

11. • Measuring Religiosity? Church Attendance, Church Membership, Biblical Literalism, Personal Prayer, Religious Beliefs • Values Promoting Racial Tolerance: Intrinsic Religiosity: Religiosity motivated by beliefs that there is good in just being religious regardless of any social benefits to it. Religion is an end unto itself. Agnosticism: Religiosity that reflects a desire to face existential questions and acknowledge one’s religious doubts. These folks don’t attend services, don’t report much personal prayer, and may not even believe in God. Are Religious People More Prejudiced?

12. W.E.B. DuBois Was Not A Big Fan Of Organized White Religion Religion in America is “Jim Crowed from top to bottom” and “no other institution in America is built so thoroughly or absolutely on the color line.” “When the [White] church meets the Negro problem, it writes itself down as a deliberate hypocrite and systematic liar. The church has opposed every great modern social reform; it opposed the spread of democracy, universal education, trade unionism, the abolition of poverty, the emancipation of women . . . and the emancipation of the Negro slave.” “The [White] church aided and abetted the Negro slave trade; the church was the bulwark of American slavery; and the church today is the strongest seat of racial and color prejudice. If one hundred of the best and purest colored folk of the United States should seek to apply for membership in any white church in this land tomorrow, 999 out of every 1000 ministers would lie to keep them out. They would not only do this, but would openly and brazenly defend their action as worthy of followers of Jesus Christ.”

13. W.E.B. DuBois Was Not A Big Fan Of Organized Black Religion Either “Behold ! The Black Churches of America. Their five millions of members in 40,000 groups, holding $200,000,000 in their hands, are the most strongly organized body among us . . . What is this church doing today toward its primary task of teaching men right and wrong, and the duty of doing right? The flat answer is nothing if not less than nothing. Like other churches and other religions of other people and ages, our church has veered off on every conceivable path, which interferes with and nullifies its chief duty of character building. It has built up a body of dogma and fairy tale, fantastic fables of sin and salvation, impossible creeds and impossible demands for unquestioning belief and obedience.” Commencement Speech at Fisk, 1938

14. Black Church As Meta-Institution Economics Media Culture Politics Education “The first form of economic cooperation” The “priests” became politicians Locations of amusement and publishing Poetry, speeches, literature, music Schools and colleges During slavery, Blacks lost most of the usual social institutions. The only one to survive was religion. Blacks say religion is the only institution they can trust. The Black church provides “social intercourse, it provides amusements of various kinds, it serves as a newspaper and intelligence bureau, it supplants the theater, it directs the picnic and excursion, it furnishes the music, it introduces the stranger to the community, it serves as a lyceum, library, and lecture bureau—it is, in fine the central organ of the organized life of the American Negro.” (W.E.B. DuBois 1867)

15. 18% Unaffiliated 55% Catholic 16% Evangelical 77% Of Hispanics Are Raised Catholic. WHY CHANGE? Hispanic Religiosity