Changes in the English Colonies

1. Changes in the English Colonies Important Events that Influenced Societyin the English Colonies.

2. Social Classes in the Colonies

3. “Glorious Revolution” • King James II is removed from power – he has broken laws of Parliament by promoting the Catholic religion over the Church of England • William and Mary become the King and Queen. They agreed to follow all laws of Parliament!!!! • William agrees to, and signs the English Bill of Rights.

4. English Bill of Rights 1. This document made Parliament stronger • Free Elections. • Right to Petition the King. 2. It also placed limits on the King: • No tax without Parliament’s consent. • Cannot limit debate in Parliament (free speech) • No excessive bail. • Cannot ignore laws that Parliament passes.

5. The 1st Great AwakeningReligious movement during the 1730’s and 1740’s. • 2nd Generation colonists became more involved in churches to connect with ancestors. Ministers used “fire and brimstone” messages to encourage people to return to church. • Jonathan Edwards • George Whitefield

6. The EnlightenmentA time period where philosophers began to use logic and reason to look at the world, it’s laws, and how we treat each other. Famous philosophers of the Enlightenment: Montesquieu Rousseau Locke Smith Also known as the “Age of Reason”. SapereAude! [Dare to know!] Have the courage to use your own intelligence! is therefore the motto of the enlightenment. -- Immanuel Kant

7. John LockeAdam Smith • John Locke was a political philosopher • Author of Two Treatises of Government in 1690. • He argued that humans have the natural rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of property. (unalienable rights) • Believed that governments have the responsibility to protect people’s rights. • Adam Smith was an economist . • Wrote The Wealth of Nations (1776). • Smith opposed government interference in economic affairs. • Believed in a free market economy with supply and demand.

8. Baron de Montesquieu Jean-Jacques Rousseau • 18th century political philosopher and writer. • In 1748 he wrote TheSpirit of Laws. • He believed in a separation of powers to avoid tyranny. • Rousseau was a political philosopher • He wrote The Social Contract in 1762. • He believed in the idea of popular sovereignty.

9. Benjamin Franklin • Printer, scientist, inventor, author, and philosopher. • Author of Poor Richard’s Almanac • Very influential on life in the colonies. Below are a few of his achievements: • American Philosophical Society • Public Libraries • Volunteer Fire Brigade • Franklin Stove • Bifocals • Lightning Rod • Theories on Electricity

10. Education in the Colonies 1st Public Schools established in Massachusetts • Hornbook – textbook • New England Primer – required reading in schools and church • Dame School: main school for women Universities in the colonies: Harvard (New College) College of William & Mary Yale University (College School) University of Pennsylvania Princeton University Columbia Univ. (King’s College) Brown University Dartmouth College Rutgers (Queen’sCollege)

11. Newspapers and Books • Major source of information and communication was through a printer’s office. • Printers served many different roles: • Sold stationary • post office • advertising agency • Newsstand • Would publish broadsides (public announcements), business forms & laws.

12. The Zenger Trial • Printer John Peter Zenger was arrested for “seditious libels” for printing criticism of the Governor of New York. • This was an early defense of the freedom of the press in the colonies. The burning of Zenger's New York Weekly Journal (Bettman Archive)

13. Trouble in the Backcountry • Increased tensions between French & English trappers and traders. • Tensions between Native Americans and pioneers over land. Should the King send troops to protect the colonies??????

14. The French and Indian War1754 - 1763 • War between the English Colonies and the French + their Native American allies. 2. Conflict began in the North American colonies. 3. Called the Seven Year’s War in Europe. The results of this war will be a major cause for the colonists to want to fight for independence.

15. Albany Plan of Union • Written by Benjamin Franklin Suggestion to the English Colonies that they needed to unite together to fight the French or they would fail. “Join, or Die”

17. The Treaty of Paris - 1763 • Britain gains control of all land east of the Mississippi River • Spain is given control of New Orleans and all of the Louisiana Territory. • Spain gives control of Florida to Britain in exchange for Cuba and the Philippines. This treaty ends French control in North America.

19. After the War: “Pontiac’s Rebellion” • English stop trading with American Indians. • American Indiansrespond by attacking British forts. • Colonists retaliate against the Native Americans. The King does not want to pay to continue to defend the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, so Parliament passes………………

20. Proclamation of 1763 Neither colonists or King wanted to pay to keep armies on the western border for defense. Forbid colonists to settle west of the Appalachian mountains Colonists upset. Why? They fought the French and Indians.