English Colonies

1. English Colonies Social/Political/Economic Conflicts

2. Essay 1 • Though there where many differences in the development of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies, they had much in common. • What conditions and experiences were common to American colonists regardless of their colony or region?

3. Outline War and Rebellion and King Phillip’s War • Bacon’s Rebellion • Outline section addressing Trade Pages • Outline the Iroquois Confederation • Outline King William’s War • Outline Salem Witchcraft

4. More English population-causes Native hostility New England- 1675 Metacom- or King Phillip of the Wampanoag tribe- Planned a war across New England Attacked 25 of 90 Puritan towns Bloodiest Indian war Naragansatt tribe helped the Wampanoags Puritans unite to put down the revolt Significance- Indians are in New England devastated thousands killed King Phillip's War 1675

6. Bacon’s Rebellion • Virginia- class conflict is beginning “Rich v. Poor” • Land starts to become scarce • New immigrants and former indentured servants want land • People move West and this causes Native problems- fear and violence • Begins about the time of King Phillip’s War 1675-76

7. Tidewater Virginia

8. Frontiersmen and Indians fight • Violence erupts in the western portion of Virginia • Frontier settlers ask for protection from Governor Berkeley

9. Governor Berkeley • A old, Royal appointee • Was seen as corrupt, protecting landowners and not attacking a major problem- the Indians • Frontier settlers wanted Indians killed or removed for more land to be settled Berkeley did not send and army but built forts.

10. Nathaniel Bacon • Bacon wanted to remove the Indian presence in the west • Became the leader of a group of Frontiersmen who attacked the Indians • Berkley called for Bacon’s arrest • Bacon very popular, raises troops and goes after Berkeley- • Berkeley flees and Bacon dies young of natural causes • Charles II sent 1000 soldiers to restore order

12. Significance of Bacon’s Rebellion • Conflicts existed and patterns are reinforced: Anglo and Native societies don’t mix • Conflict between rich and poor are evident in the earliest period of American history • The Royal Government was determined to assert control when threatened- <economic interest>

13. Triangular Trade

15. English and Trade • Mercantilist Philosophy • Trade/colonies= wealth and power for “Mother Country” • Earliest colonial development was regulated but not strictly- • Idea was for more movement of people- freedom was advocated to motivate settlers • Gradually changes occur- to strengthen Empire and control of colony

16. Wealth of colonies causes controls • Navigation Act 1651 • Navigation Act 1660 • Navigation Act 1696 • Is there a pattern associated with these actions? • Purpose: to 1.Tax and 2.gain control

17. 1st Navigation Act 1651 • All trade was to go to England • Carried on British Ships • Problem: Couldn’t enforce effectively

18. 1660 Navigation Acts • Laws were tightened to control trade • Everything through Britain-Or British ports • Monopoly on export trade from colonies • Royal Customs Agents- to help regulate trade in colonies • Lords of Trade- created- (later Board of Trade) • Advised king • Oversee colonies • Set Colonial Policy

19. Navigation Act 1696 • Established Admiralty Courts-1696 • In the colonies to settle trade issues • Royal Judges- no jury

20. Consequences of Trade Acts • Smuggling- lack of enforcement and readily available markets for trade cause smuggling • More controls- Customs Agents stationed in Colonial ports • Corruption- wealth overcomes limitations bribery is widespread • Hostility of Colonists toward British Government- controls

21. Iroquois Confederation • 5 Indian tribes of the Northeastern Woodlands • Mohawk, Seneca, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayuga • The Great League of Peace Created a limited alliance of Indian tribes in order to maintain peace between the 5 Nations. • Become hostile to French and align with British

22. Iroquois Confederation • Iroquois tribes wanted to remove the Huron power- and take over the trade with French • War broke out between Iroquois and Huron- (Beaver Wars) • Huron were middle man traders- collected furs from Algonquians- sold to French

23. King William's War 1690OrThe French and Indian War Part 1 • As a result of antagonisms in Europe- • French and English rivalry- cause as series of wars and fighting takes place in North America • Significance: Iroquois will be aligned with British at then try to stay Neutral- • Wars continue through the early 1750’s when the French and Indian War – ends French presence in North America

24. Wars Between France and BritainDuring the 1600-1700s • King William’s War (1689-1697) • French and Algonquians v. British colonists and Iroquois Tribes • Queen Anne’s War (1701-1712) • French lose Acadia to British (Nova Scotia) • King Georges War (1744-1748) • French and Indian War (1754-1763) • French are kicked out of North America

25. Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692) • Accusations of witchcraft come to a small village in Massachusetts • Bad things were happening to Mass: and the very religious Puritans believed the devil was responsible. • Names remain: Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, Tituba…

27. Salem Witches • 19 people executed 2 die in jail, one is tortured to death • Prominent people are accused and the court is disbanded • Classic Witch Hunt: • “Accused could save their lives only by confessing and implicating others…” • “Vivid example of people’s capacity to turn against fellow humans, however innocent, in an effort to save themselves.”