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11 th and 12 th Grade Anatomy and Physiology

11 th and 12 th Grade Anatomy and Physiology. Topic: Human Digestive System. Overview. The human digestive system is a system of organs and glands which digest and absorb food and its nutrients. There are two types of breakdown of food: mechanical and chemical.

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11 th and 12 th Grade Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. 11th and 12th GradeAnatomy and Physiology Topic: Human Digestive System

  2. Overview • The human digestive system is a system of organs and glands which digest and absorb food and its nutrients. • There are two types of breakdown of food: mechanical and chemical. • Human digestive systems start at the mouth and ends at the anus • About 9 meters in total length

  3. Mouth • Have mechanical and chemical processes • Mechanical: food is broken down from larger pieces into smaller pieces, known as mastication or chewing • Chemical: uses saliva which contains a digestive enzyme, salivary amylase • Salivary amylase breaks down starches (monosaccharide) into maltose (disaccharide) • The food is then swallowed and travels down into the esophagus then into the stomach via a process called peristalsis • Peristalsis= wave like movements which propel food down into our stomach

  4. Stomach • Is a large organ which can be referenced as being a J-shaped pouch • Churns food and contains a strong acid (gastric acid) which breaks down food so it can be fully digested and absorbed by the small intestine • Contains 2 types of cells • Parietal Cells= secrete gastric acid • Chief Cells= release pepsinogen and gastric lipase • These two cells work in conjunction with eachother to convert pepsinogen into pepsin • This food is now known as chyme due it becoming partly digested and mixing with gastric acid

  5. Small Intestine • Food from the stomach enters the duodenum • Duodenum= 1st section of the small intestine • This chyme is then mixed with 3 liquids • 1. Bile (made in liver)= emulsify fats and neutralizes chyme • 2.Pancreatic juices which are made from the pancreas • 3. Intestinal enzymes (sugars, trypsin, chymotrypsin) • This chyme goes from the duodenum to the jejenum and to the ileum, all of which are part of the small intestine

  6. Large Intestine • Food will enter the cecum of the large intestine from the ileum of the small intestine • Waters and salts (electrolytes) are removed from the food and absorbed into the body • 3 parts: Cecum, Colon, and Rectum • The food that was not digested or absorbed will be mixed with other waste products from the body and form feces • Feces are stored in the rectum until they can be eliminated from the body • Elimination occurs in the anus and is regulated by the anal sphincter muscle

  7. Food Travel (Start) Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Anus (End)

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