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THE PRESENT TENSE AND THE IMPERFECTUM ( PAST)

Learn how to form the main tenses of Latin verbs with roots, recognition of different verb forms, and conjugation patterns. Master the present, imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect tenses.

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THE PRESENT TENSE AND THE IMPERFECTUM ( PAST)

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  1. THE PRESENT TENSE AND THE IMPERFECTUM (PAST)

  2. THE LATIN VERB: MAIN PRINCIPLES We form themain FOUR (4) TENSES (PRESENS/IMPERFECTUM/PERFECTUM/PLUSQUAMPERFECTUM) of Latin using only two different roots: Let’s take the verb AMARE (to love) amat 1. AM- amabat amavit 2. AMAV- amaverat

  3. HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF A VERB IN A VERB FORMULATION • VERB FORMULATION as itappears in dictionaries: ROOTS: AMO AMARE AMAVI AMATUM 1. 1st person 2. INFINITIVE 3. PERFECT ROOT ROOT: we take out –re and we get the root: ROOT: AM-a AM-A-RE (1st Conjugation) -ERE (2nd Conjugation) -IRE (3rd Conjugation) ROOT: we take out –I, the ending of the 1st person: WE FORM : THE PRESENT: am-o, ama-s, ama-t….. AMAV- THE SIMPLE PAST: ama-ba-m,

  4. HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF A VERB IN A VERB FORMULATION • VERB FORMULATION as itappears in dictionaries: ROOTS: AMO AMARE AMAVI AMATUM 1. 1st PERSON 2. INFINITIVE 3. PERFECT ROOT ROOT: we take out –re and we get the root: ROOT: AM-a AM-A-RE (1st Conjugation) -ERE (2nd Conjugation) -IRE (3rd Conjugation) ROOT: we take out –I, the ending of the 1st person: WE FORM : THE PRESENT: am-o, ama-s, ama-t….. AMAV- THE SIMPLE PAST: ama-ba-m,

  5. HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF A VERB IN A VERB FORMULATION PRESENT AM-O VOWEL OF THE CONJUGATION ROOT PERSON ENDING • 1st person singular • “I take” ROOT: AM-a WE FORM : GENERAL ENDINGS FOR ALL THE TENSES THE PRESENT: am-o, ama-s, ama-t…..

  6. HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF A VERB IN A VERB FORMULATION PAST (IMPERFECTUM) AM-O TENSE SUFFIX OF PAST VOWEL OF THE CONJUGATION ROOT ENDING • 1st person singular • “I take” ROOT: AM-a WE ALSO FORM : 1ST PERSON ADDS –M, NO –O, THE SIMPLE PAST: ama-ba-m,

  7. HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF A VERB IN A VERB FORMULATION CAP-I-O PRESENT VOWEL OF THE CONJUGATION ROOT ENDING • 1st person singular • “I take” 3RD AND 4TH CONGUGATION AD –E BEFORE –NT.

  8. HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF A VERB IN A VERB FORMULATION PAST (IMPERFECTUM) CAPI-O TENSE SUFFIX OF PAST VOWEL OF THE CONJUGATION ROOT ENDING • 1st person singular • “I take” ROOT: CAP-a 3rd and 4rd CONJUGATIONS ADD –E AFTER I IN IMPERFECTUM

  9. THE PERFECTUM AND PLUSQUAMPERFECTUM: ENDINGS AND SUFFIXES The PERFECTUM root is usually different from the present root. COMPARE: AM-O “I love” / AMAV-I “I loved” HABE-O “I have” / HABU-I “I had” CAPI-O “I take” / CEP-I “I took” AUDI-O “I hear” / AUDIV-I “I heard” PERFECTUM means “ALREADY DONE” (PER+FACTUM):, and itisusedfor PAST AND FINISHED ACTIONS

  10. WRITE THE FOLLOWING LATIN FORMS OF THE VERB • PRESENT/IMPERFECTUM TENSES: PRACTICE 1 • 1.Write the following tenses in Latin: • 1.She got: • 2.We loved: • 3.You heaR: • 4.They took: • 5.She takes: • 6.I saw: • 7.We loved:

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