Ancient Civilization of Japan

1. Башина Анастасия 10 «А» AncientCivilizationofJapan

2. Ссылки: • http://naruto-grand.ru/publ/o_japonii/istorija/istorija_kultury_japonii/45-1-0-2419 • http://xreferat.ru/47/1365-1-kul-tura-drevneiy-yaponii.html • http://www.lostcivilization.info/japonija/38-drevne-yaponskaya-civilizaciya.html • http://studentbank.ru/view.php?id=43898 • http://www.coolreferat.com/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8

3. The first religious notions of Japanese were such well-known forms, like magic, totemism, fetishism, animism. From this period, known as the "culture JOMON" fancy preserved form pottery and human figures and animals, made ​​in a very conventional way. Dogu ("clay doll") - a clay figurine of a human or animal

4. The transition process was rather long - about six centuries, from the III century BC. e. to the III century BC. e. ? The period in Japanese history is known as "Yayoi culture" - the title block in Tokyo, where he found the remains of this culture. During this period, add up the basic elements of Old Japanese civilization. About to II century BC. e. Japan's development is under strong and growing influence from China, which affects both the material and spiritual culture in. Dotaku - a kind of bronze bells

5. As a result, begins to form so-called state of Yamato, which is characterized by a culture hitherto unprecedented homogeneity. In IV - V centuries BC. e. from China to Japan comes hieroglyphic writing, also penetrate the Chinese astronomy and other scientific knowledge and understanding. In the III-IV centuries BC. e., in connection with the assertion of the tribal kings of Yamato, the process of unification into a single state markedly increased. Honeyview ("circle of clay") - Japanese ceramic sculptures Kofun period in the form of cylindrical tubes, dishes, animals and people, which were installed on the tops of mounds - graves Old Japanese monarchs and aristocrats.

6. The ancient capital of Nara and Heian (Kyoto). With the 6-7 centuries. Japan began to build Buddhist temples. The type of structures that have emerged in China and Korea, and has its own characteristics. They are clearly visible in the Buddhist Horyuji ensemble (early 7th c.) Near Nara. A new stage in the development of Japanese architecture begins with the Heian period (794-1185), named after the new capital of Heian-kyo (now Kyoto). Old Japanesearchitecture Itsukushima island of the Inland Sea, is part of the city Hatsukayti in Hiroshima Prefecture. Also known as Miyajima Island - Island of the Temple.

7. The first samples of Japanese sculpture back to 3-5 centuries. n. e. Buddhist sculpture of 6-7 cc., Infusing the continent with the world with her ​​new looks, designed for churches. In the main building Haryudzi - Condo placed a bronze sculpture group. In the 8th century. with integration of the temples, the expansion of their interiors changed appearance of Buddhist sculpture, multiply the number of statues. Old Japanesesculpture (Giant statueof Buddha Amida (Amitabha) in theAntennae, IbarakiPrefecture)

8. Japanese school of painting Yamato-e shape only in the 11-12 centuries. Yamato-e painters painted screens, created by the horizontal scrolls illustrations of literary works. Illustrations for the novel "GenjiMonogatari" Wizards tried to take a sample of nature with its naturalness and variability, with its asymmetry and the beauty of the unexpected, but always strictly natural combination. ? Black lacquer was applied to the surface of the wood, fabric or leather several times, and then signed for bright red and gold colors, making the product shone like a jewel. Old Japanese Painting Japanese painting (Kaiga, "painting, drawing") - one of the oldest and most refined of the Japanese arts, characterized by a wide variety of genres and styles.

9. To summarize: the civilization and culture of the East remained viable even when she had to face the barbarian peoples. She defended herself from them passively, absorbing and pereustraivaya in their own way. Further, some scholars believe that he met with the civilization of Europe, more technically advanced, bearing a completely different program, and seeks to destroy all dissimilar to it, the East could not resist. However, the Japanese never lose their connection to the cultural past and even graduated from Harvard, Cambridge, gaining a vicious raid naytklabov Western and English pronunciation, still remain in the soul of the samurai. Сonclusion