Ancient Indian Civilization

1. Ancient Indian Civilization

3. Hindu Kush Himalayas Deccan Plateau The Subcontinent of India

4. India’s Rivers Notorious BIG Brahmaputra Indus Ganges

5. Hindu Kush Himalayas Brahmaputra River Indus River Ganges River Deccan Plateau Major rivers – all originating in the Himalayan Mountains.

6. The Himalayas

7. Hindu Kush Mountains

8. Khyber Pass – route through the Hindu Kush

9. Chronology • 3000 – 2600 BCE ~ Harappan Civilization • 1200 – 500 BCE ~ Vedic Era – Hinduism • 550 – 100 BCE ~ Hindu Rivals – Buddhism • 322 – 185 BCE ~ Mauryan Empire • 320 – 540 CE ~ Gupta Empire

11. Rainfall came in the form of seasonal monsoons (a wind with dependable, but intense, periods of rainfall) which were crucial to farmers.

12. The people began domesticating sheep, goats, cows & water buffalo

13. The people began planting crops The people grew cotton and knew how to weave it into cloth.

14. Examples of Terraced Farm Fields

15. Ancient model of an ox cart

16. A more modern ox cart that looks very similar to the ancient model.

17. People began trading with distant areas (shells & beads).

18. An overland trading caravan

19. Loading goods onto a boat from a caravan.

20. Began trading with Mesopotamia and Egypt on a larger scale. • Mohenjo-Daro& Harappa were the 2 largest cities – with populations of over 40,000 each. • Well-planned cities with modern plumbing. • The government was centralized and ruled by priest-kings.

21. Mohenjo-Daro

22. Can you see the relationship between these two images?

23. Buildings were constructed with standardized, baked bricks, which made them long-lasting.

24. They had an underground sewer system.

25. The people of the Indus River Valley developed an arithmetic system & incorporated the use of decimals.

26. Harappan weights were used for trading purposes.

27. They also had heated bathing pools Private bath with drain to sewer system, Mohenjo-Daro

28. Earliest public bath – Mohenjo-Daro

29. There was a written language (not yet deciphered).

30. A Harappan seal – used for trading purposes. A seal (kind of like a badge or a broach) represented a person’s village.

31. Burial pottery Burial rituals and practices were used.

32. Modern Harappa

33. Indus River

34. Chronology • 3000 – 2600 BCE ~ Harappan Civilization • 1200 – 500 BCE ~ Vedic Era – Hinduism • 550 – 100 BCE ~ Hindu Rivals – Buddhism • 322 – 185 BCE ~ Mauryan Empire • 320 – 540 CE ~ Gupta Empire

35. Around 1500 BCE ~ a group of people called Aryanscame through Khyber Pass to live on the Indus plains • They were warriors with chariots. • They were Indo-European – their language was related to most European languages

36. As the Aryan invaders settled, their culture and religion mixed with that of the indigenous people who were already living there. Out of this mixture came the religion of Hinduism.

37. Om…the sound of the universe Hinduism

39. -Brahma • “the Creator”

40. -Vishnu • “the Preserver”

41. -Shiva • “the Destroyer”

42. Basic Beliefs • All living things have a soul • Brahman is the eternal soul • The illusion of reality, or maya, keeps the soul from rejoining with the eternal soul • Reincarnation purifies the soul

43. reincarnation

45. Hindus also believe in ahimsa, or the concept of non-violence

46. Bathing in the sacred Ganges River

47. The Caste System Untouchables

48. Kashmir (in N. India) = Hindus vs. Muslims http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/kashmir_disputed_2003.jpg

49. Buddhism “Let a man overcome anger by love, let him overcome evil by good. Let him overcome the greedy by liberality, the liar by truth.” –Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha