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Muhammad and the Believers

Muhammad and the Believers. HIST 1007 9/9/13. History Club Meeting. 5:30-7:00, Wed. Sept. 11 McMicken Room 357. Syria and the United Stands: Internal and International Politics of Crisis and Intervention. 4:00-5:30, Thur. Sept. 12 800 Swift Hall Panel including

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Muhammad and the Believers

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  1. Muhammad and the Believers HIST 1007 9/9/13

  2. History Club Meeting • 5:30-7:00, Wed. Sept. 11 • McMicken Room 357

  3. Syria and the United Stands: Internal and International Politics of Crisis and Intervention • 4:00-5:30, Thur. Sept. 12 • 800 Swift Hall • Panel including • Elizabeth Frierson (History) • Richard Harknett (Political Science) • Andrew Lewis (Political Science) • Stephen Porter (History) • Robert Haug (History) (moderator)

  4. Markets of the Arabs

  5. Ghassanids and Lakhmids

  6. Poetry and Arab Culture • Oral culture • Dialects and literary language • Mu`allaqat • Seven qasida, best poems of pre-Islamic era • The Hanging Poems

  7. The Major Clans of Quraysh in the 7th Century

  8. The Historical Muhammad • Why is it difficult to study the history of a figure like Muhammad? • Qur`an • Hadith • Sira • Maghazi

  9. Muhammad (ca. 570-632) • BanuHashim clan of Quraysh • Orphaned, raised by his grandfather and uncle (both shaykhs of the BanuHashim) • Commercial trader • al-Amin and al-Sadiq • 595CE – Marries Khadijah • Hanif

  10. Revelation • 610 CE: Muhammad receives first revelations from Jibrail • Shares revelation with relatives and close companions • Khadijah is first convert • `Ali and Abu Bakr are first male converts Muhammad and Jibrail

  11. Preaching and Persecution • ca. 613: Muhammad begins openly preaching • Reaches outcasts of society • Orphans, widows, younger sons, slaves, etc. • Faces opposition from Quraysh, challenge to authority • Protected by Abu Talib • ca. 615: emigration to Ethiopia Bilal al-Habashi, first muezzin

  12. Emigration • 619: Abu Talib and Khadijah die • Loss of protection for Muhammad and Muslims • 622: Hijra to Yathrib (Medina) • Foundation of first Muslim community • Muhammad as statesman Medina in 19th century painting and 1940 photo

  13. Muhammad in Medina • Muhajirun and Ansar • Shaykh of a growing confederation • Alliances with nearby tribes • Must provide for the well being of his followers • Quraysh confiscate property in Mecca

  14. Confrontation with Quraysh • 624: Battle of Badr 14th century Persian depiction of the battle. Muhammad standing over `Ubaydah. Image from ‘Siyer-iNebi’

  15. The Site of Badr

  16. Qur`an 3:122-125 ‘Two of your battalions were about to lose heart, and Allah was their Protector. In Allah let the believers put their trust! Allah had already given you victory at Badr, at a time when you were still powerless; so fear Allah that perchance you might be thankful! When you were telling the believers: ‘Is it not enough that your Lord should reinforce you with three thousand angels sent down?’ Yes, if you forbear and fear Allah and the enemy attack you at once, your Lord will reinforce you with five thousand marked angels.’

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