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Genetic Mutations

Genetic Mutations. What is a mutation?. Mutations are damages to the genetic material DNA Mutations can be caused by various things: Radiation (UV light) Chemicals Viruses. Types of Mutations. There are two distinct types of mutations: somatic and germ cells

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Genetic Mutations

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  1. Genetic Mutations

  2. What is a mutation? • Mutations are damages to the genetic material DNA • Mutations can be caused by various things: • Radiation (UV light) • Chemicals • Viruses

  3. Types of Mutations • There are two distinct types of mutations: somatic and germ cells • Somatic mutations occur in cells of the body (skin, organs, tissues, etc) • Germ cell mutations occur in the reproductive cells (sperm and egg) and can be passed on to offspring.

  4. Types of Mutations • Mutations can cause incorrect or faulty proteins to be made • A change in the DNA sequence leads to an incorrect mRNA strand and may change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

  5. Types of Mutations • Mutations can occur on a whole chromosome or in individual genes. • Chromosomal mutations include deletion, translocation and inversion. • Individual gene mutations include point mutation, insertion and deletion • Insertions and deletions lead to frame shift mutations.

  6. Types of Mutations • A deletion occurs when part of a chromosome is lost • Translocation occurs when parts of chromosomes are switched • An inversion is when a series of genes on a chromosome are rotated 180 degrees from their original location.

  7. Types of Mutations

  8. Types of Mutations • Point Mutation- occurs when one letter is replaced by another CAG GTC GAA TTC AGA CAG GTC GAT TTC AGA • Insertion- occurs when one letter is inserted CAG GTC GAA TTC AGA CAG GTC GAA TTC ACG A • Deletion- occurs when one letter is deleted. CAG GTC GAA TTC AGA CAG TCG AAT TCA GA

  9. Types of Mutations • The insertion or deletion of a base leads to a change in the codons on the gene. This is called a frame shift mutation. • Frame shift mutations are more likely to affect the expression of traits (protein that is made)

  10. Practice! • What type of mutation is shown below? Is it chromosomal or a gene? • ABCDE`FGHI • ABEDC`FGHI

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