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Geology

Geology. Our Changing Earth. What is GEOLOGY?. Geology is the study of the Earth, the different processes and cycles, its materials, its history, and its effect on humans and other life. 

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Geology

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  1. Geology Our Changing Earth

  2. What is GEOLOGY? • Geology is the study of the Earth, the different processes and cycles, its materials, its history, and its effect on humans and other life.  • Rocks, crystals, mountains, earthquakes, volcanoes, rivers, glaciers, landslides, floods are just some of the fields of geology.  • Geologists determine the stability of building sites, find supplies of clean water, search for valuable deposits of natural resources such as iron, coal, and oil, and they also try to minimize the threat to communities at risk from geologic hazards (such as sink holes, etc.).

  3. The Earth • Formed 4.6 billion yrs. ago • Result of debris from formation of the universe • Contains 75% water • Seven continents • Atmosphere (78% N/21% O2) • Third planet from sun (93 million miles) • Revolution: 365.25 days • Rotation: 24 hours • Contains four layers • Only known planet to contain life • Has one satellite (moon)

  4. The Layers of the Earth • The crust is up to 25 miles thick • The mantle is 1800 miles thick • The outer core is 1400 miles thick • The inner core is 800 miles thick • The diameter of Earth is nearly 8,000 miles

  5. The Crust Oceanic crust (3-5 miles thick) Continental crust (upwards of 25 miles thick) Also called the lithosphere Temperature ranges from surface to 1600 degree F It is broken into pieces called plates Earthquakes occur in the crust as well as volcanoes It is made up of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks O2, Silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, and magnesium are the main elements found in the crust

  6. The Mantle Thickness of 1800 miles Temperature ranges from 1600 to approx. 5000 degrees F (cooler at the top than bottom) Also called asthenosphere Crust “floats” on this layer Convection currents (circular movement) of magma causes crust to move above the mantle

  7. Magma and Convection Currents Radioactive decay of elements in the Earth causes heat/magma Heat is transferred from interior to surface where magma breaks apart and moves the crust above them This breaking apart is shown in circular patterns called convection currents Cooler magma then sinks back down and causes less dense hotter magma to rise

  8. Outer Core About 1400 miles thick Temperatures range from 4000 degrees F to 9,000 All metals are in a liquid state Composed of nickel and iron Helps creates the magnetic field, which protects the Earth from the sun’s UV rays Intense heat and pressure

  9. Inner Core About 800 miles thick Temperature and pressure so great that the metals are unable to move The core vibrates in place due to intense pressures Temperatures around 9000 degrees F Pressure is around 45,000,000 lbs p.s.i. (3,000,000 times greater than what you currently feel at sea level)

  10. Resources • http://geology.csustan.edu/club/whatisgeo.htm • http://www.google.com/images • http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/Earths_layers/Earths_layers9.html • http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/dynamic/session1/sess1_earthcurrents.html

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