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Schedule Management

Schedule Management. Team Mission. Schedule Terminology & Definitions. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

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Schedule Management

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  1. Schedule Management

  2. Team Mission Schedule Terminology & Definitions • Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) • A deliverable oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team to accomplish the team mission and create the required deliverables. The WBS defines the project scope. 25

  3. Team Mission Schedule Terminology & Definitions • Deliverable • Any unique and verifiable product or result that must be produced to complete a project. Usually the lowest level of the WBS. 25

  4. Team Mission WBS (Scope) Task 1 Task 2 (Etc.) Task 1 Task 2 (Etc.) Task 1 Task 2 (Etc.) Task 1 Task 2 (Etc.) Task 1 Task 2 (Etc.) Task 1 Task 2 (Etc.) Activity List (Schedule) Schedule Terminology & Definitions • Scheduled Activity (task) • A component of work performed to create a deliverable. 26

  5. Schedule Terminology & Definitions • Schedule Milestone • A significant event in the project schedule, such as an event restraining future work or marking the completion of a major deliverable. A “measuring point”. Milestones have “0” (zero) duration and no resource assignments. 26

  6. Schedule Terminology & Definitions • Logical Relationships • A dependency between scheduled activities, or between a scheduled activity and a schedule milestone. • “Hard Logic” – Mandatory dependencies • “Soft Logic” – Discretionary dependencies 26

  7. Finish Start Schedule Terminology & Definitions • Logical Relationships • “Finish to Start” (most common) 26

  8. Finish Finish Schedule Terminology & Definitions • Logical Relationships • “Finish to Finish” 26

  9. Start Start Schedule Terminology & Definitions • Logical Relationships • “Start to Start” 27

  10. Finish Start Schedule Terminology & Definitions • Logical Relationships • “Start to Finish” (very rare, not available in WSDOT project management software) 27

  11. Schedule Terminology & Definitions Precedence (Network) Diagram A schedule diagramming technique in which schedule activities are represented by nodes and arrows shown the logical relationship between activities A D F B E C G 27

  12. Schedule Terminology & Definitions • Critical Path • Longest duration path through the project network • Activities on Critical Path are called “Critical Activities” • Critical activities have no float or slack 27

  13. Schedule Terminology & Definitions • Critical Path • A project can have more than one critical path • Activities not on the Critical Path are called “Non Critical Activities” • To shorten the project duration, a scheduler must modify the critical path activities or dependencies 28

  14. Schedule Terminology & Definitions Float (Slack) “Total Float” – The amount of time a scheduled activity has that is can be delayed or extended without affecting the project end date or violating a schedule constraint. 28

  15. Schedule Terminology & Definitions Float (Slack) “Free Float” – The amount of time a scheduled activity has that is can be delayed or extended without affecting the start of the next scheduled activity in the project network. 28

  16. Schedule Terminology & Definitions Float (Slack) “Negative Float” – The amount of time that by which a critical activity (or milestone) misses a required date. 28

  17. Backward Pass Forward Pass Schedule Terminology & Definitions Critical Path Method (CPM) A schedule network analysis technique used to determine the amount of schedule flexibility (float) on various network paths and to determine the minimum project duration. • Early Start • Early Finish • Late Start • Late Finish A D F B E 28 C G

  18. Schedule Terminology & Definitions Gantt Chart (bar chart) A graphic display of schedule related information. A report from the project management program. 28

  19. Schedule Tracking Schedule Tracking Actual Start – This is the date that work on the scheduled activity actually started. In project management software applications, this field is called “Actual Start” 29

  20. Schedule Tracking Schedule Tracking Actual Finish – This is the date that the work on the scheduled activity actually finished. In project management software applications, this field is called “Actual Finish” 29

  21. Schedule Tracking Schedule Tracking % Complete – This is a function of time. The formula for this value is Elapsed Duration / Total Duration With current project management software applications, this field must be greater than “0” before a Base Cost % Complete can be entered. 29

  22. Schedule Tracking Schedule Tracking Base Cost % Complete – This is the percent of the deliverable that has been completed. There are several ways to estimate this based on the deliverable. A project performance baseline must be defined in the project management program before this value can be entered. 29

  23. Schedule Tracking Base Cost % Complete Units Produced Method – This is the ratio of units produced to the total specified at completion. Units must be nearly identical. Example: Drilling 10 holes, 4 complete – 40% complete 29

  24. Schedule Tracking • Base Cost % Complete • Interim Milestone (Agreement) Method – Establish the percent of the total that is to be represented by each milestone. • Example: • Deliverable: Traffic Signal Design • Data Collected – 10% complete • Preliminary Design – 60% complete • Final Design – 90% complete • PS&E – 100% complete 29

  25. Schedule Tracking Base Cost % Complete 50/50 Method – 50% complete assumed when scheduled activity actual starts. 100% complete when scheduled activity is actually completed. 0/100 Method – 0% complete assumed when scheduled activity actual starts. 100% complete when scheduled activity is actually completed. 30

  26. Schedule Tracking Base Cost % Complete Proportional Relationship Method – This is used when the completion of a measurable amount of one work package indicates the completion of another scheduled activity cannot be easily measured. Use for “hammock” tasks. Example: Project is 45% complete, Project Management hammock task is 45% complete 30

  27. Schedule Recovery / Schedule Compression • Schedule compression • A technique used to shorten a project duration without reducing the project scope. • There are two methods of schedule compression: • Schedule Crashing • Schedule fast tracking 30

  28. Schedule Recovery / Schedule Compression Schedule crashing A compression technique in which scheduled activity durations are modified; working day definitions are modified; or resource requirements are modified. Typically will increase costs. Activities must be “resource dependant” 30

  29. Schedule Recovery / Schedule Compression Schedule fast tracking A compression technique in which activities that would be normally done in sequence are performed in parallel. Fast tracking does not change resource requirements, but modifies the logical relationships. Typically, fast tracking will increase project risk. Cannot fast track “hard logic” 31

  30. Schedule Recovery / Schedule Compression What-if Scenario Analysis Asking “what-if” for each situation and how it affects the project model. Outcomes can evaluate the effects to project objectives Also used for risk planning. 31

  31. Task D 10 days Task G 14 days Task A 20 days Task E 20 days S Task B 16 days Task H 10 days F Task F 7 days Task C 25 days Task J 15 days Critical Path Schedule Management Module 3 exercise St-A-D-G-Fin: 44 days St-A-E-H-Fin: 50 days St-B-E-H-Fin: 46 days St-C-F-H-Fin: 42 days St-C-J-Fin: 40 days 33

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