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The Island of Knights and Knaves

The Island of Knights and Knaves. Raymond Smullyan 1978. A little learning is a dangerous thing; Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring: There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, And drinking largely sobers us again. Rules of the Island. Knights always tell the truth

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The Island of Knights and Knaves

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  1. The Island of Knights and Knaves

  2. Raymond Smullyan 1978 A little learning is a dangerous thing; Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring: There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, And drinking largely sobers us again.

  3. Rules of the Island • Knights always tell the truth • Knaves always lie • Every inhabitant is either a knight or a knave

  4. #26 • There are three inhabitants standing in a garden. • A stranger passed by and asked A, “Are you a knight or a knave?” • A answered but the stranger did not understand him so he asked B “What did A say?” • B replied, “A said he was a knave.” • C said, “Don’t believe B; he is lying” • What are B and C?

  5. #27 • There are three inhabitants standing in a garden. • A stranger passed by and asked A, “How many knights are among you?” • A answered but the stranger did not understand him so he asked B “What did A say?” • B replied, “A said there is one knight among us.” • C said, “Don’t believe B; he is lying” • What are B and C?

  6. #28 • There are two inhabitants standing in a garden. • A says, “At least one of us is a knave.” • What are A and B?

  7. #29 • There are two inhabitants standing in a garden. • A says, “Either I am a knave or B is a knight.” • What are A and B?

  8. #30 • A is standing in a garden alone. • A says, “Either I am a knave or else two plus two equals five.” • What can you conclude?

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