RTD8: Taking Responsibility – Achieving Change Monitoring & Reporting Tourism Carbon Emissions

1. RTD8: Taking Responsibility – Achieving Change Monitoring & Reporting Tourism Carbon Emissions Rachel Dunk (r.dunk@mmu.ac.uk) Steven Gillespie, Jacob Pryor, Josh Thomas ICARB (www.icarb.org)

2. “If you want me to do things only for ROI reasons, you should get out of this stock.” Tim Cook, Feb 2014

4. Why Manage Carbon? Reason Av R Range Mode Protecting the Environment 2.5 1-6 2 Sustainability 2.6 1-6 1 Reducing Carbon Emissions 2.8 1-5 3-4 Reducing Costs 3.6 1-6 2 Corporate Social Responsibility 4.5 1-6 5 Retaining / Winning Business 5.0 1-6 6

5. Business Drivers Reason N M SM Reducing Operating Costs 2% 44% 54% Meeting Customer Expectations 4% 44% 52% Personal Interest 9% 43% 47% Public Relations: Good Neighbours 12% 61% 28% Competitive Advantage 18% 50% 33% Complying with Company Policy 22% 42% 37% Meeting Membership Criteria 27% 55% 18% Complying with Regulations 31% 54% 14% 90% of respondents were or had been members of GTBS

6. Do Customers Care? Factor Rank Range Mode Price 1.9 1-5 1 Comfort 2.6 1-5 3 Safety 2.9 1-5 4 Distance 3.1 1-5 3 Environmental Impact 4.4 1-5 5

7. How do we fill the bucket of care?

9. Rules & Tools for Carbon Accounting What does this animal look like?

10. Carbon Accounting Criteria Criteria Ave Range Mode Robustness 1.5 1-3 1 Accuracy of Accounting 1.5 1-3 1 Justifiability 1.7 1-3 1 Meeting Mandatory Standards 1.8 1-4 1 Reporting to Stakeholders/Funders 1.8 1-3 2 Public Reporting 1.8 1-4 2 Internal Decision Making 1.8 1-4 2 Externally Verified 2.2 1-5 2 Meeting Voluntary Standards 2.3 1-5 2 1: Very 2: Important 3: Moderately 4: Slightly 5: Not at all

11. Carbon Accounting Aspects Criteria Ave Range Mode Easy to Apply 1.3 1-2 1 Changes over Time 1.5 1-3 1 Direction of Change 1.6 1-4 1 Comparison to Benchmark 1.6 1-3 1 Evaluate Actions 1.7 1-4 1 Evaluate Behaviour Change 1.8 1-4 1 Magnitude of Change 1.9 1-4 2 Comparison within Sector 2.0 1-4 2 Comparison across Organisations 2.2 1-4 2 1: Very 2: Important 3: Moderately 4: Slightly 5: Not at all

12. Accounting & Reporting Tool • Staged approach – to encourage early adoption • Provide simple method for identifying significant emissions • For different business types, pre-identified likely significant sources – qualify out rather than qualify in • Depending on level of significance  tiered estimation methods • Not require ‘pre-work’ – i.e. allow for a range of different types of activity data to be used as inputs • Track business performance and give intensity measures • Allow automatic benchmarking & reporting

13. A Proposal for Alignment • Conduct attribute analysis of existing standards and certification schemes • Create ‘wish list’ of carbon accounting tool attributes • Industry validation of ‘wish list’ through consultation • Conduct analysis of existing tools – assess ability to track and report on desired attributes • Share results publicly - provides opportunity for all tool authors to incorporate changes / align with industry needs • Central certification? Formal alignment to a core standard?