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Background to Church History

Background to Church History . Hellenistic Worldview & The Roman World . The Hellenistic Worldview . Part I. Hellenism…. The combining of Greek culture, manners, and thought with other elements taken from conquered civilizations. . Hellenism …. Is NOT a pure Greek culture.

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Background to Church History

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  1. Background to Church History Hellenistic Worldview & The Roman World

  2. The Hellenistic Worldview Part I

  3. Hellenism… • The combining of Greek culture, manners, and thought with other elements taken from conquered civilizations.

  4. Hellenism … • Is NOT a pure Greek culture

  5. Languages of the Hellenistic World: • Greek • Latin

  6. Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.) • Fearless and strong • Tamed a wild horse (Bucephalus) • Tutored by Aristotle • Hellenism • Wanted Unity

  7. Effect of Hellenism . . . • Greek religion provided language and philosophy which aided the further development of Judaism and Christianity

  8. Aristotle • Everything is ultimately attributed to a single universe cause, “First Mover” • Every animate being can move itself only because it has a soul

  9. Plato • Criticized ancient gods • ONE Supreme Being • Immortality of the human soul

  10. STOPPED ABOVE 8/23

  11. The Romans Part II

  12. The Founding of Rome • Romulus and Remus • April 21, 753 B.C. –monarch • The Republic of Rome: 509 B.C.

  13. Augustus Cesar . . .63 B.C. – 14 A.D. • Brilliant politician • Demanded control from Roman Senate (27 B.C.) • Grand nephew of Julius Cesar

  14. DAILY WARM-UP25 AUGUST 2011 • Sophomore Theology • History of the Church • Teacher: Mr. Rice • Welcome! • Quiz on Friday, the 25th!

  15. Pax Romana . . . • 200 years of peace • Provided for the safe journey of traders and travelers • Made communication possible

  16. Augustus Cesar • Pax Romana

  17. The Roman Network of Roads… • Aided the work of the Apostles and missionaries (i.e., the spread of the Faith)

  18. Pax Romana

  19. DAILY WARM-UP25 AUGUST 2011 • Sophomore Theology • History of the Church • Teacher: Mr. Rice • Welcome!

  20. The Roman Roads

  21. Roman Religion • Imported from Greece • Exempted Jews from Sacrificing to their gods • Roman gods became literary figures • Sacrifices held outside the temples • Temples served as reminders to pray

  22. Roman Religion of the State • Looked after the Roman people • pontifex maximus – head of the Roman state religion • Religious festivals held monthly

  23. Roman Religion in the Home • Women were required to guard and preserve the fire in the hearth where sacrifices were made • Household spirits: lares = spirits of the family ancestors penates = spirits of the larder (kept the family fed) • Births, marriages, and deaths were all celebrated with special rituals

  24. Stoicism • Held very high moral standards • Materialists: Fire • Determinists

  25. Stoics Believed… • The purpose of philosophy was to understand the law of nature, and obey and adjust to it.

  26. The Jews, Judaism, and the Jewish Worldview Part III

  27. Homework from page 24! 5 – 7 sentences due Monday, the 29th. 1. How was Jewish culture at the time of Christ different from that described in the Old Testament? How was it the same? or 2. The Sadducees and Pharisees played a major role in condemning Christ. Why do you think Jesus frightened them? What do the Sadducees and Pharisees demonstrate about tradition and authority?

  28. The Jews of Ancient Israel… • Believed that they served a special purpose

  29. The History of the Jews • Began with the covenant that God made with Abraham • God made an unconditional covenant (Genesis 12: 13 and 15:18-21)

  30. The Jewish Community • Became more united through the gift of God’s Law given to Moses

  31. Staples of Jewish Life • Reading the Torah • Sacrificial Worship

  32. The OT Depicts… • That the Jewish people lived solely by the Law of the OT

  33. 70 A.D. • The temple in Jerusalem fell to the Babylonians • The Jews were cast out by the Romans

  34. Homework from page 24! 5 – 7 sentences due Monday, the 29th. 1. How was Jewish culture at the time of Christ different from that described in the Old Testament? How was it the same? or 2. The Sadducees and Pharisees played a major role in condemning Christ. Why do you think Jesus frightened them? What do the Sadducees and Pharisees demonstrate about tradition and authority?

  35. Begin Here MONDAY, the 29th

  36. Three Groups of Jewish People • Pharisees • Sadducees • Essenes

  37. The Pharisees . . . • Did NOT enjoy the material benefits of the Roman Rule and Hellenistic civilization

  38. The Pharisees . . . • Were faithful to the Old Law • Debated as to how the Law should be applied • (Matthew 23: 27)

  39. The Pharisees Believed. . . • In the Final Resurrection • In angels

  40. The Sadducees . . . • Conservative Jews • Belonged to the Jewish aristocracy • Centered on the Temple

  41. The Sadducees . . . • Favored by the Romans • Rejected doctrines of the Pharisees

  42. Essenes . . . • Jews who retreated into the desert to live a life of prayer

  43. The Essenes . . . • Connected to the Dead Sea Scrolls (only surviving Biblical documents made before A.D. 100)

  44. The Sanhedrin . . . • Jewish High court • Comprised of mostly Sadducees (Pharisees did participate, but very few did)

  45. The Diaspora. . . • Refers to the Jews who scattered throughout the world • Aided the spread of Christianity • Septuagint

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