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BSC 2010

BSC 2010. Chapter 1. Defining Biology. Science of living organisms Science-From Greek “to know” Body of knowledge Method of inquiry. Characteristics of Science. Deals with falsifiable concepts Dynamic body of knowledge Open minded approach. Defining Feature of Life.

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BSC 2010

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  1. BSC 2010 Chapter 1

  2. Defining Biology • Science of living organisms • Science-From Greek “to know” • Body of knowledge • Method of inquiry

  3. Characteristics of Science • Deals with falsifiable concepts • Dynamic body of knowledge • Open minded approach

  4. Defining Feature of Life • Composed of a cell or cells (Cell theory) • Sense and respond • Reproduce • Grow and develop • Cycle energy • Regulate- homeostasis • Display order • Contain DNA as hereditary material

  5. Connections- Themes within Biology • Evolution • Change in a population over time • Natural selection • Selects for pre-existing traits • Unity • Diversity

  6. Themes in Biology • Emergent Properties • Novel properties • Appear as higher levels of complexity are attained • Due to arrangement and interaction of parts • Not unique to life

  7. Themes in Biology • Correlation between structure and function • Seen at all levels of organization from atoms to biosphere

  8. Themes in Biology • The cell as the basic unit of life both structurally and functionally • All cells share common characteristics

  9. Themes in Biology • Continuity based on DNA as heritable information • All cells contain DNA • DNA encodes all proteins found within an organism • DNA allows those codes to be passed on to progeny

  10. Themes in Biology • Homeostasis • Maintenance of conditions within tolerable range • Feedback regulation • Negative • Positive

  11. Negative Feedback

  12. Positive Feedback

  13. Reductionism and Systematics • Reductionism • Take apart to understand • Systematics • Study interactions to understand • Determine evolutionary relationships • Ecosystem dynamics

  14. Levels of Biological Organization • Atom • Molecule • Organelle • Cell • Tissue • Organ • Organ system • Organism

  15. Levels of Organization • Population • Community • Ecosystem • Biosphere • ? Universe?

  16. Classification of living Organisms • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Specie • Binomial Nomenclature • Systematics leading to entirely different schemes

  17. Bacteria

  18. Archae

  19. Eukarya

  20. Hypothesis based Scientific method Observation Question Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Conclusion Discovery based Observations- Use senses to intake data Field studies Information gathering without drawing conclusions Conclusions drawn from observations without experimentation Main Types of Scientific Inquiry

  21. Types of Reasoning • Inductive • Derive generalizations from a number of specific observations • Common in Discovery science • Deductive • Draw specific conclusions based on generalizations

  22. Summary • Evolution is the over arching concept in biology • New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy • Organisms interact with their environment exchanging matter and energy • Structure and function are correlated at all levels. • Cells are the basic functional and structural unit of life • Continuity of life is based on heritable information contained within DNA • Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems

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