Classification

1. 0 Classification

2. 0 Development of Binomial Nomenclature • Theophrastus first attempted to organize and classify plants in the 4th century B.C. • Classified nearly 500 plants on the basis of leaf characteristics.

3. 0 Development of Binomial Nomenclature • Binomial System of Nomenclature • First proposed by Linnaeus • Organisms named by a phrase • Abbreviated the phrase to 2 parts plus the person who named the organism • Example is Spearmint: Mentha spicata L.

4. 0 Classification of Major Groups • Genera are now grouped into Families. • Families are grouped into Orders. • Orders are grouped into Classes. • Classes are grouped into Phyla. • Phyla are grouped into Kingdoms.

5. 0 Cladistics • Cladistics is a method of examining natural relationships among organisms, based on shared features.

6. 0 Relationships Between Green Plants Green Algae Ferns Pines Flowering Plants flowers seeds Vascular tissue chloroplasts

7. 0 The more characters organisms share, the more similar their DNA

8. 0 Development of the Kingdom Concept • Early classification schemes naturally classified all living organisms as either plants or animals. • The distinction works well for complex animals, but not for simpler organisms.

9. 0 Development of the Kingdom Concept • Hogg and Haeckel 1860’s - Protista • Copeland 1938 – Monera • Whittaker 1969 – Fungi • Woese 1990’s – Archaea and Eubacteria

10. 0 Table 16.01b

11. 0 Should the Kingdom Concept be replaced? • The concept of the Domain has been proposed as an alternative

12. 0 Should the Kingdom Concept be replaced? • Eukaryotic organisms form one domain • Prokaryotic organism are divided into two other domains

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