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Molecular Detection

Molecular Detection. In Cancer. What do they detect?. Specific proteins Expression of certain genes Mutations Epigenetic Changes. Specific Proteins. Wide range of proteins that can be detected Wide variety of tests that can be done Absence or Presence of proteins: Biuret Test

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Molecular Detection

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  1. Molecular Detection In Cancer

  2. What do they detect? • Specific proteins • Expression of certain genes • Mutations • Epigenetic Changes

  3. Specific Proteins • Wide range of proteins that can be detected • Wide variety of tests that can be done • Absence or Presence of proteins: Biuret Test • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3cy83X8s9k • Detect levels of proteins: • immunoturbidimetry [1]

  4. Expression of genes • Determine which genes are expressed from RNA in the cells • RNA is purified • Converted to DNA • Fluorescent! • The more RNA, the brighter the sample. [2]

  5. Mutations • Detect mutations in proteins • Similar in technique to the detection of expression of genes [3]

  6. Epigenetic Changes • Determining epigenetic changes: • DNA methyltransferase activity • Density of chromatin • Histones • Promoter methylation [3]

  7. Why? • Many molecules are up regulated in cancer cells or only appear in cancer cells • Eg. Mutant proteins, such as Ras • Eg. Growth receptor proteins • Some genes are methylated in cancer • Tumor suppressor genes • Many things are mutated to give cancer cells an edge • Eg. Protein p53

  8. Molecular Spies • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG1J5e6-uT4

  9. References • http://www.cancerquest.org/molecular-cancer-detection.html • http://www.clinchem.org/content/50/11/2179.full.pdf+html • http://www.randox.com/specific-proteins.php • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biuret_test [1] http://www.randox.com/brochures/PDF%20Brochure/LT113.pdf • http://www.randox.com/brochures/PDF%20Brochure/LT137.pdf • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_microarray [2] • http://www.cmaj.ca/content/167/3/275.full [3] • http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/chromatin.html [4]

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