Sustainable Engineering

1. ` Sustainable Engineering Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

2. Environmental management Systems • EMS is a tool that enables an organisation to control the impact of its activities, products & services on natural environment. • Originated as the result of social responsible behavior of companies. • Goals • Improve control of environmental impact ( minimize ). • Suitably accommodate changing market needs. • Reduce the cost associated with environmental liabilities • Gain public & media support • Restrict & regulate over exploitation. • ISO 14000 Series is standard for structuring the EMS Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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6. EMS Model: 4 steps( according to Deming’s cycle) • Built for continious improvement. • Planning: • Includes identification of environmental aspects & establishing goals.( Plan) • Implementing: • Training,awareness,promotion ,comminication operational controls.(Do). • Checking: • involves monitoring & corrective action, Of management program. ( Check). • Reviewing: • includes progress reviews & incorporate changes required.( Act). Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

7. Key elements of EM ( help from ISO on EMS) • Environmental policy: • published as a written statement expressing the commitment of senior management to improve environmental performance. • Environmental action plan: • describes the organisation takes over in coming years • Environment related organisational structure: • Establish authority,& assign responsobility for actions. • Integration of environmental concerns: • Protection of workers,purchasing,R&D,product development,marketing ,finance etc... Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

8. ISO 14000 series • First published in september 1996 as ISO 14001 • Second edition Published in 2004. • Aim: • Prevention of environmental pollution • Follow environmental regulations & laws. • Continious improvement of the system. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

9. ISO 14000-14009: environmental management system • ISO 14010- 14019:environmental auditing • ISO 14020-14029:environmental labelling • ISO 14030-14039:environmental performance evalution • ISO 14040-14049:Life Cycle Assesment. • ISO 14050- 14059:Terms & defenitions • ISO14060 :Environmental aspects in product standards. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

10. Key requirements under ISO • ISO ( International organisation for standardisation) 14001 is applicable for any organisation. • ISO 14000 falls in Organisation Based & product based standards. • OB- provides guidelines for establishling& maintaining EMS. • PB- guidence for finding the environmental impacts of products. • Customer Satisfaction. • 1. Environmental policy- Shows commitment of management in matters concerning environmental issues. • 2. Planning • environmental aspects • legal & other requirements • objectives & targets. • environmental management programmes. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

11. 3. Implementation & operation • structure & responsibility • training awareness & competence • communication • environmental management system documentation. • document control • operational control. • emergency preparedness & response. • checking & corrective action. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

12. 4) Monitoring & measurement • non conformance , corrective & preventive action. • records • environment management system audit. management review Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

13. Benefits of EMS • Improve environmental performance- • energy,waste reduction ,pollution prevention. • Enhance compliance. • Increase efficiency/reduce costs- • increase employee training. • Competitive Advantage- • large automobile companies have implemented EMS & suggesting suppliers to implement EMS. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

14. Improved Image- • can improve business image & give credibility to environment programs. • Reduce / mitigate risks- • provides structured framework for risk reduction. • Pollution reduction & resource conservation- • ISO 14001 EMS has positive & significant relationship with operation performance &business performance Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

15. Life Cycle Analysis • Involves evaluating the environmental impacts with all stages of a product. Concept first emerged in 1960. • Life cycle analysis is the approach that covers the whole life cycle of a product. • Late 1989 standardised.(Materials involved in packaging containers- polythene,cardboard,aluminium etc) • Life cycle covers from raw material extraction,manufacturing ,packaging,distribution,use & end of life of prooduct. • The procedures of LCA are part of ISO 14000 EMS Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

16. Goal List of items in LCA grown quickly- paints,insulation materials,window frames,refrigerators • ISO Standards require the goal & scope of and LCA be clearly defined , consistant. • Includes technical details that guide the work. • By examining the product over its entire life cycle , proper decisions can be arrived to reduce environmental impact. • Achive efficient use of resources & energy.- thus reducing overall production costs & environmental impacts. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

17. As a part of ISO 14000 series of standards ISO in 2000 has come with following standards. • ISO 14040:Environmental management- LCA principles & framework. • ISO 14041:Environmental management- LCA Inventory Analysis. • ISO 14042:Environmental management-LCA Impact assesment. • ISO 14043: Environmental Management- LCA interpretation Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

18. Benefits of ISO 14000 series • Increase the acceptance from financial institutions,bank,public,insurance..etc • Improved industry- government regulations • Improves prouctivity of man & machine • Meet customer environmental expectations & maintain good public relations. • Improves health & safety of workers • Improves morale of employees. • Increase international trade & business. • Cost reduction. • Minimizes waste production. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

19. Biomimicking • New way of viewng things. • We can learn things from nature. • But not based on what we can extract from nature. • Nature runs on sunlight • Nature uses only the energy it needs. • Nature is fit • Nature recycles everything. • Nature rewards co-operation. • Nature banks on diversity. • Nature demands local expertise. • Nature has no limits. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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24. George de Mestral • During a hunting vacation in Switzerland, de Mestral came home one evening and tried to remove the burrs stuck to his dog's fur Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

25. Nature is the most sucessful engineer • Most brilliant engineer. • Nature knows what works, • What is appropriate. • What lasts on earth. • Organisms in nature face the same challenges as humans. • But they meet sustainability. • There for please look at the nature as your mentor. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

26. Reserches made several new products by inspitation of nature. • Birds • Sharks... • Solar cells by mimicking leaves. • Japanese shinkasen bullet train- kingfisher bird’s beak ( faster speed,reduced power) • Eastage complesx 324000 square feet – uses natural ventilation. • Self cleaning paints- super hydro phobic surfaces.( when liquid drop of leaves it rools down & clean containments Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

27. Environment impact assessment • Population explosion with rapid industrial growth are eating the resources at faster rate. • Harmony between man & environment is the core of environment management. • Tools for environment management. • 1.Environment management systems. • 2.Eco labelling. • 3.Life cycle asessment. • 4.Waste minimization programmes. • 5. Environment Impact assessment. • 6. Environment Risk analysis. • 7.Environmental Auditing. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

28. EIA- is the process of identification,evaluvation,mitigation of potential impact of proposed projects,plans & programmes prior to decision making.( related to following) • 1. physical / chemical components. • 2.biological components. • 3.cultural components. • 4.socio economic components. • ( “ systematic & well documented procedure to identify assess the direct & indirect effects of a development project on environment/social /cultural/economic factors.) Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

29. Objectives • Predict environmental impacts on projects. • Find means to reduce adverse impacts. • Refine & shape the proposed projects to suit the local environment. • Present the prediction & options before decision makers. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

30. Evolution Of EIA • Before 1994 developmental projects are assessed on • Technical feasibility ( project is feasible). • Cost of project. • So environmental impacts were expressed in monetory terms. • Environmental protection Act in 1986. • 1994- EPA become mandatory for three schedules. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

31. Schedule 1: • (List of projects requiring environmental clearance from central government.) • Nuclear power related projects such as heavy water plants,nuclear fuel complex,rare earths. • River valley projects.( hydel power,major irrigation) • Ports,harbours,airports. • Pertroleum refineries. • Pesticides. • Chemical fertilizers. • Petrochemical complexes. • Bulk drugs, pharmaceuticals. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

32. Synthetic rubber. • Asbestos. • Primary metullurgical industries ( steel,aluminium). • Thermal power plants. • Pulp , paper • Distelleries. • Dyes, cement. • Foundries. • Electroplating. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

33. Schedule 2: ( Application form) • Industry/ proponent shall submit the duly filled application in prescribed format for environmental clearance along with necessary documents. • Schedule 3: ( composition of expert committee for giving environmental clearance) • Experts from various disciplines ( air pollution, risk analysis,social science,economics,water pollution,landuse etc..) constitute the committee. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

34. Schedule 4: ( procedure for public hearing) • Public be informed & consulted based on proposed development • Since 1997 schedule 4 is mandatory • Done by pollution control board/district collector • Public hearing panel consists of representatives from state pollution control board, state government,district collector,local bodies,three senior citizens from area. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

35. Sailant features of EIA 2006 • List of developmental project & activities which require prior environmental clearance ( schedule 1) was expanded • A state level environmental impact assessment authority constituting of 3 members to be constituted by the government of india in consultation with government of state. • All environmental projects requiring prior environmental clearance were categorised under two heads.( based on the extent of potential impact). • Expert committee as per 1994 EIA notification was redesigned as expert appraisal committee. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

36. Procedures of EIA in India • Project decription. • Screening. • Scoping & consideration of alternatives. • Baseline studies ( existing environmental status water,air) Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

37. Impact prediction Assessment, & mitigation measures. • Preparation of EIA report. • Public Hearing. • Review of EIA report & Decision Making.( approval/ rejection) • Monitoring the clearance conditions. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

38. EIA Steps • Scoping- study covering important issues that should be raised by decision makers. • Collection of Baseline data- about physical,biological,socio economic conditions of existing environment & changes anticipated.( Km range) • Assessment of environmental impact- identify & predicts • Positive & negative impacts. • Evaluation of Impact assessment- whether it is significant tothink about alternatives & or demanding mitigation • Analysis of alternatives-without project situation alternative in terms of site, technology, design , operation…. • Delineation of mitigation procedures-wide range of measures to prevent , reduce or to remedy( introducing pollution controlls, offering compensation). • Specification of Environmental monitoring Programme.- at institutional level. • Environmental management Plan- trade off between alternative measures are weighted & taken. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

39. Documentation- deatiled draft scope, record of various consultations,baseline data, no of steps involved,results & discussions. • Review of report- to evaluvate efficiency & quality of EIA. • DecisionMaking- decide futureprospects based on comments & recommendations Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

40. Thank You ! Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL