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Vowel Formants in a Spectogram

Vowel Formants in a Spectogram. Nural Akbayir, Kim Brodziak, Sabuha Erdogan. Introduction: Vowel Formants. A concentration of acoustic energy around a particular frequency of air in vocal tract Refers to peaks in a harmonic spectrum Arises from a resonance in the vocal tract. Vowel Formants.

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Vowel Formants in a Spectogram

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  1. Vowel Formants in a Spectogram Nural Akbayir, Kim Brodziak, Sabuha Erdogan

  2. Introduction: Vowel Formants • A concentration of acoustic energy around a particular frequency of air in vocal tract • Refers to peaks in a harmonic spectrum • Arises from a resonance in the vocal tract

  3. Vowel Formants • Important to distinguish vowel sounds • Essential components in the intelligibility of speech • Difference in formants for different people

  4. Vowel Formants • An average human assumes five formants, 0 to 5500 • Computation of the formants of a straight tube • Tube = 16 cm, shortest wave lenght = 64 cm, 352 m/s: resonance frequency of 352/ 0,64 = 550 Hz • Original speech signal female adults: 11 kHz male adults: 10 kHz young children: 20 kHz

  5. Vowel Formants • In a spectogram displayed as dark bands • The darker, the stronger (more energy, audible) • Numbered upwards from the lowest frequency (F1 – F5)

  6. Vowel Formants • Front vowels have a greater distance between F1 and F2 • Back vowels have F1 and F1 so close that they touch

  7. Vowel Formants • Monophthong vowels have strong stable formants • Voiced vowel [i] = periodic vibration of the vocal folds produces a series of harmonic tones

  8. Examples F1 F2 F3 F4 He283,08 2128,73 2932,50 3417,28 Who676,331971,58 3164,26 5030,10 Hard 597,92 1076,33 2587,16 3537,44 Head432,25 1674,41 2469,94 3391,17 Had576,26 1571,95 2507,59 3423,74

  9. Vowel Formants • F1 can vary from 300 Hz to 1000 Hz - the lower it is, the closer is the tongue to the roof of the mouth • F2 can vary from 850 Hz to 2500 Hz • F2 value is proportional to frontness or backness of the highest part of the tongue • Lip rounding causes a lower F2 than with unrounded lips • F3 = determining the phonemic quality • F4 & F5 =determining the voice quality

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