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SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration. DDR and peacekeeping Disarmament Demobilization Reintegration Peacekeepers’ roles in DDR Practical ways to destroy weapons. Disarmament: Collecting and disposing of small arms and ammunition Demobilization:
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DDR and peacekeeping • Disarmament • Demobilization • Reintegration • Peacekeepers’ roles in DDR • Practical ways to destroy weapons
Disarmament: • Collecting and disposing of small arms and ammunition Demobilization: • Formal discharge of active combatants Reintegration: • Helping ex-combatants becomeself-sustaining civilians
The Broader Spectrum of Peacekeeping Conflict management and resolution Conflict prevention Post -conflict peace- building Non - Non - military military Military DDR
Targeted for disarmament • Regular government forces • Irregular and opposition forces • Police forces • Civil defence forces • Militias • Armed civilians
Disarmament is • Collection • Control • Disposal
Disarmament: collection of • Small arms, light weapons(SALW) • Ammunition • Explosives • Mines
Demobilization happens when armies or militias • Downsize, or • Completely disband
Activities in demobilization sites: • Civic education • Information programme • Peaceaccord orientation • Vocationalcounselling • Sensitization • Pre-discharge orientation • Recreation/sports • Literacy training • Basic education • Skillstraining • Languagetraining • Healtheducation
Reintegration • Helps ex-combatants become self-sustaining • Includes assistance measures (cash, in kind, training) DDR motto:“You need to replace the soldier’s gun with something better.”
Types of assistance: • Transitionary support allowance (frequently cash-based) • In-kind assistance • Vouchers • Entitlements • Vocational training
Formed military units • Provide for a secure environment with freedom of movement • Destroy weapons cheaply, quickly and safely
Tasks for military • Destruction of weapons • Guarding ammunition, weapons storagefacilities • Guarding assembly, cantonment areas • Operating checkpoints • Escort duties and patrolling • Transport of ex-combatants (disarmedpersonnel) to assembly sites/cantonment
Tasks for UNMOs: • Monitoring separation of forces • Monitoring withdrawal and disbandment of irregular forces • Manning reception centres • Registering and collecting weapons,ammunition and explosives • Registering ex-combatants • Conducting investigations
United Nations police role in DDR • Advise/supervise, train local police • Monitor reintegration • Conduct investigations • Administer weapons buy-back • Disarm civilians • Maintain law and order
Destroying small arms by: • Burning — labour-intensive, highsymbolic value • Cutting — labour-intensive, slow butrelatively simple • Shredding — effective but expensive
Destroying small arms Before After
Only specialistsshould performcollection and destructionof ammunition and explosives
DDR is a bridge from war to peace • Successful DDR sustains peace, preventsreturn to war • UN military provides security, logisticssupport, other as mandated • Police can assist in small arms collection,assist in maintaining order, if capacity andmandate to do exists • Reintegration is largely a civilian activity