Ready for Anything: First Aid

1. Ready for Anything: First Aid

2. First Aid • Is the help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available • FIRST RESPONSE CARE

3. Cuts and Scrapes – Minor cuts • Stop the bleeding, apply gentle pressure with clean cloth or bandage • Rinse the wound with clean, plain water • Put an antibiotic cream (Neosporin, etc.) • Put a bandage and change daily/ whenever it gets wet or dirty

4. Burns • What is a burn? • - the effect of too much sunlight or heat • 1st Degree Burns • - inflamed skin • -swelling • -redness • -pealing of skin • -pain • 2nd Degree Burns • -blisters • -swelling • -inflamed skin • -pealing of skin • -pain • 3rd  Degree Burns • - full thickness of skin is destroyed or damaged • - Burned area appears gray-white, cherry red, or black

5. Minor Burn Care (1st and 2nd) • Cool the burn. Hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water for 10 or 15 minutes or until the pain subsides. DO NOT PUT ICE ON THE BURN! • Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage. Don’t usefluffy cotton, or other material that may get lint in the wound. Wrap the gauze loosely to avoid putting pressure on burned skin. • Take an over-the-counter pain reliever. These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). Use caution when giving aspirin to children or teenagers. Talk to your doctor if you have questions or concerns. • Be sure to look for signs of infection during healing time such as redness, increased pain, continued swelling , oozing etc. If there are signs call your doctor. • DO NOT BREAK BLISTERS, PUT ICE ON THE BURN, OR APPLY BUTTER, OINTMENTS, OR EGG WHITES.

6. Major Burn Care • call 911 immediately!!! • What to do while waiting for the ambulance: • Don’t remove burned clothing. However, do make sure the victim is no longer in contact with smoldering materials (like loose jewelry, etc.) or exposed to smoke or heat. • Don’t immerse large severe burns in cold water. Doing so could cause a drop in body temperature (hypothermia) and deterioration of blood pressure and circulation (shock). • Elevate the burned body part or parts. Raise above heart level, when possible. • Cover the area of the burn. Use a cool, moist, sterile bandage; clean, moist cloth; or moist cloth towels. • Stay with them until the ambulance arrives.

7. Sprains • Protect – use splint, crutches, etc. • Rest – the injury • Ice – the area using a cold pack, ice it for 10 to 15 minutes for about 4 times a day for the first two days • Compress – use a elastic bandage to wrap it • Elevate –the injury to prevent and limit swelling

8. Choking • Signs: Inability to talk, Difficulty breathing or noisy breathing, Inability to cough forcefully, Skin - lips and nails turning blue or dusky, Loss of consciousness • What to do: • Give 5 back blows.deliver blows between the person's shoulder blades with the heel of your hand. • Give 5 abdominal thrusts. (the Heimlich maneuver). • Alternate between 5 blows and 5 thrusts until the blockage is gone.

9. If you feel faint • Lie or sit down (Don’t get up too quickly) • Place your head between your knees if you sit down

10. Insect Bites and Stings • Move to a safe place (so you don’t get more bites) • Carefully remove the stinger • Apply a cold pack/ice • Apply a topical cream (calamine, etc) for itch relief and pain relief • Take an antihistamine (Bendadryl, etc.)

11. Severe Allergic Reaction • Anaphylaxis is a SEVERE whole body reaction to an allergen. The reaction occurs quickly and  needs immediate recognition for a person’s survival. • Common Triggers of Anaphylaxis (common severe allergies): • food • medication • insect bites

12. Signs of Anaphylaxis • Signs: • Abnormal heart rhythm • Hives • Fluid in the lungs • Low blood pressure • Mental confusion • Rapid pulse • Skin that is blue from lack of oxygen or pale from shock • Swelling  in the throat that may be  enough to block the airway • Swelling of the eyes or face • Weakness • Wheezing

13. What to do • CALL 911 immediately! • Keep calm and focus on what needs to be done • ask/find the person’s epinephrine auto injector (EPI Pen) , inject it for them if they are unable to as they are laying still on their back.    • Cover them with a blanket, keep the warm, DO NOT FEED OR GIVE THEM ANYTHING TO DRINK!

14. Hypothermia • What is it? When your body temp. is lower than 95 F • Signs and Symptoms (happens slowly) • Shivering • Slurred speech • Abnormally slow breathing • Cold, pale skin • Loss of coordination • Fatigue, lethargy or apathy • Confusion or memory loss

15. What to do… • Call 911 • Move them out of cold • Remove wet clothing- replace with dry/warm clothing • DO NOT APPLY DIRECT HEAT, put warm compresses on head, neck, chest • DO NOT GIVE THE PERSON ALCOHOL • Do NOT rub or massage them because they could have frostbite

16. Stroke • CALL 911 • Warning Signs (FAST): • Face. Does the face droop on one side trying to smile? • Arms. Is one arm lower when trying to raise both arms? • Speech. Can a simple sentence be repeated? Is speech slurred or strange? • Time. During a stroke every minute counts. If you observe any of these signs, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately

17. Heart Attack • heart-related warning signs: • Sudden pressure, tightening, squeezing or crushing pain in the center of the chest that lasts more than a few minutes • Mild chest or upper body pain or discomfort — most heart attack symptoms start slowly • Pain or discomfort spreading to the back, neck, jaw, stomach, shoulders or arms — especially the left arm • Shortness of breath with or without chest discomfort • Chest discomfort accompanied by sweating, lightheadedness, dizziness or nausea • Pressure or tightness in the chest during physical activity or when you're under emotional stress • CALL 911, give an aspirin

18. … The End.