Bellwork January 29, 2014

1. Bellwork January 29, 2014 • Placed around the room you will find pictures from WWII. • On the sheet provided to you answer the questions for each picture that you see, the pictures are numbered so make sure you write down the number. • When I say change please move to another picture • There should be minimal talking

2. Women and the War • New opportunities • More women than ever entered the work force • Rosie the Riveter • Encouraged women to take factory jobs • Earned less then men • War ends, what happens to their jobs? • Women were sent home and back to the kitchen • The war changed public opinion about women’s right to work

3. African Americans and the War • About 1 Million African American men and women served in the armed forces during the war • At first most were given low-level assignments • Segregation • 1942 the Army began to train whites and African Americans together • Allowed to take combat assignments

4. Tuskegee Airmen • Shot down more than 200 enemy planes • Benjamin Davis, Jr., became the first African American general in the United States Air Force

5. Asking for change • Summer 1941, labor leader, A. Philip Randolph demanded that the government ban discrimination against African Americans in defense industries • Planned a demonstration in Washington • Persuaded by FDR to call of the demonstration • Fair Employment Practices Commission- combatted discrimination in industries that help government contracts

6. Asking for Change • Large numbers of African Americans moved from the rural south to industrialized cities in North and the West • In some cities, racial tensions turned to violence which sometimes resulted in death • Langston Hughes • “Yet you say we’re fightin’ for democracy. Then why don’t democracy include me?”

7. Hispanic Americans • 250,000 served in the armed forces • Medal of Honor • Awarded to 12 Mexican Americans • Mercedes Cubría • First Hispanic women officer in the Women’s Army Corps • HoracioRivero • From Puerto Rico- first 4-star admiral since 1870 • Barcero Program • U.S. labor agents recruited thousands of farm and railroad workers from Mexico • Stimulated emigration from Mexico during the war

8. BRAIN BREAK • Everyone stand up and turn around 5 times then sit back down • Careful not to make yourself dizzy

9. Arizona’s Contribution

10. Native Americans • Many left reservations to work in the defense industry • Thousands served in the armed forces • Ira Hayes • Pima Native American • Marine corporal • 1 of the 6 who raised the flag on Iwo Jima

11. Code Talkers • Who were they? • Native Americans • What tribe did they represent? • Navajo • What language did they speak? • Diné • Where were they stationed? • Pacific Theater

13. The Code- How it worked • Use Navajo word, take the first letter of English word • Wol-la-chee Ant • Be-la sana Apple • Tse-hill Axe • AAA  Navy • Navajo words unrelated to the English word • Besh-lo  iron fish • submarine • Dah-he-tih-hi  hummingbird • fighter plane • Debeh-li-zine  black street • squad

14. Your Turn • Homework: worth 15 points • I want you to make your own code • You can work alone of with a partner • Make 10 code words for words that you used everyday OR • Make a code for 2 COMPLETE Sentences • This will be due tomorrow January 30, 2014 • Be prepared to share with the class • Most importantly make sure that you are using appropriate words