New Republic

1. New Republic

2. After the Constitution was written, our Founding Fathers will face a huge task in making the new gov’t work. Political parties will emerge. Manufacturing will take a stronger role in the American economy. New Republic #1 Why It Matters 1/2

3. People begin to move westward. The U.S. will become a dominant player in the Americas. New Republic #1 Why It Matters 2/2

4. Our nation’s leaders still follow the precedents set by our Founding Fathers. Politicians operate within a party system. The U.S. is one of the leading economic & military powers in the world. New Republic #2 The Impact Today

5. Became 1st president under the Constitution on Apr. 30, 1789 • Did not want job • John Adams – 1st VP • Set many precedents that are still followed • Called “Mr. President” New Republic #3 President Washington 1/2

6. New Republic

7. 1st Cabinet • Sec. of State – Thomas Jefferson • Sec. of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton • Sec. of War – Henry Knox • Attorney General – Edmund Randolph New Republic #3 President Washington 2/2

8. Created a federal court system • 13 District Courts • 3 Circuit Courts • SC given final authority on all court matters • John Jay – 1st SC Chief Justice New Republic #4 Judiciary Act of 1789

9. U.S. faced a growing nat’l debt in its early years • GW left it up to his Sec. of Treasury (Hamilton) to deal w/ the issue • Hamilton’s Plan • Gov’t will pay off debt owed to citizens & other nations • Gov’t will assume states’ debts New Republic #5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan 1/3

10. Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan • Bonds • Gov’t issued bonds during Am. Rev. • Speculators bought these bonds • Under Hamilton’s Plan, speculators would become rich • States’ Debt • South had less debt than North • Under Hamilton’s Plan, South would pay more New Republic #5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan 2/3

11. Compromise • Nation’s capital will be moved to the South • Will become Washington, D.C. • South will support plan New Republic #5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan 3/3

12. In order to strengthen the economy, Hamilton proposed: • A nat’l bank (the Bank of the U.S.) • A protective tariff on imports • Nat’l taxes • Ideas were opposed by Jefferson & Madison New Republic #6 National Economy

13. Occurred due to farmers in western PA refusing to pay taxes on whiskey imposed on them by Hamilton • Washington led troops to squash the rebellion • Results of Rebellion: • Nat’l gov’t was powerful • If citizens wanted to change a law, they had to do it peacefully New Republic #7 Whiskey Rebellion

14. GW wanted US to stay out of foreign affairs • Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) – GW’s attempt to keep US neutral • Jay’s Treaty – GW’s attempt to stay out of war w/ GB • Pinckney’s Treaty – gave US right to navigate the Mississippi R. & to trade @ New Orleans New Republic #8 Washington’s Foreign Issues

15. Served 2 terms (1789-1797) • Precedent • Decided not to seek 3rd term of office in 1796 • Washington’s Farewell Address • Warned about: • Dangers of political parties • Alliances w/ foreign countries • Sectionalism • Influenced US foreign policy for over 100 yrs. New Republic #9 Washington FINALLY Retires!

16. New Republic

17. By 1796, Americans disagreed on many things • Philosophies of gov’t • Interpretation of the Constitution • Economy • Foreign affairs • Led to 2 groups being formed New Republic #10 Creation of Political Parties 1/3

18. Federalists • Leader – A. Hamilton • Beliefs • Strong nat’l gov’t • Loose interpretation of Constitution • Rule by wealthy • Nat’l bank • Alliance w/ Britain • Supported by NE & plantation owners in South New Republic #10 Creation of Political Parties 2/3

19. Democratic-Republicans • Leader – T. Jefferson • Beliefs • Strong state gov’ts • Strict interpretation of Constitution • Rule by the people • State banks • Alliance w/ France • Supported by small farmers in Mid-Atlantic & South New Republic #10 Creation of Political Parties 3/3

20. 1st election candidates ran as members of a political party • Fed. – John Adams (P); Charles Pinckney (VP) • D-R – Thomas Jefferson (P); Aaron Burr (VP) • Election Results • Adams wins Pres. • Jefferson becomes VP New Republic #11 Election of 1796

21. XYZ Affair • Event in which Charles de Talleyrand, the French foreign minister, sent agents (X, Y, & Z) to obtain a bribe from the U.S. in order for the French to stop seizing American ships • Led to: • The creation of the U.S. Navy • A “Quasi-War” w/ France New Republic #12 Adams’ Presidency 1/4

22. Alien & Sedition Acts • Passed to protect the nation’s security • Acts • Alien Act – allowed president to imprison or remove aliens from the country • Sedition Act – made it a crime to say negative things about the gov’t • Naturalization Act – required aliens to wait 14 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship New Republic #12 Adams’ Presidency 2/4

23. Alien & Sedition Acts (cont.) • Results of Acts • Discouraged immigration • Forced aliens to leave • People were jailed for saying their opinions about the gov’t New Republic #12 Adams’ Presidency 3/4

24. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions • Written by Jefferson & Madison • Claimed Alien & Sedition Acts were unconstitutional • Proposed nullification – idea that a state could legally overturn federal laws they deemed unconstitutional • Established theory of states’ rights New Republic #12 Adams’ Presidency 4/4