The Threat of NBC Terrorism Are we Really at Risk ? ? ?

1. The Threat of NBC Terrorism Are we Really at Risk ? ? ?

2. YES: Domestic Preparedness Partnership Established 1996 The Nuclear Biologic and Chemical Difference “DELTA” NBC “DELTA” Builds on: Health care readiness for Mass Disasters Existing skills: Medical Emergencies HAZMAT Response Extending these skills to include response to a potential, deliberate terrorist event

3. Objectives • To familiarize you with • Recent NBC events • The potential for terrorist use of NBC agents • Sources and hazards of NBC agents • Targets and indicators of NBC attacks • Outcomes of NBC terrorist events • So that you can recognize an NBC attack and understand the potential impacts

4. Potential Probability vs. Impact BIOLOGICAL AGENT NUCLEAR WEAPON IMPROVISED NUCLEAR DEVICE CHEMICAL AGENT OR TOXIC INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL POTENTIAL IMPACT RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL PROBABILITY/LIKELIHOOD

5. NBC Terrorist Incidents Since 1970 March 1995 Sarin 12 Dead, 5500 Affected May 1995 Plague April 1997 U235 June 1994 Sarin Sept 11, 2001 WTC-NYC Pentagon-DC 3000 Dead 1972 Typhoid February 1997 Chlorine 1984 Salmonella 200 Injured 7 Dead, 200 Injured 14 Injured, 500 Evacuated 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 USA as ONGOING NBC target June 1996 Uranium 1992 Cyanide 1984 Botulinum March 1995 Ricin December 1995 Ricin April 1995 Sarin 1985 Cyanide November 1995 Radioactive Cesium April-June 1995 Cyanide, Phosgene, Pepper Spray

6. Groups That Threaten • Lone individual • Identified local or non-aligned terrorist groups • Internationally sponsored • Doomsday cults • Insurgents

7. Why NBC Terrorism? Agents are available & relatively easy to manufacture Large amount not needed in enclosed space NBC incident difficult to recognize Easily spread over large areas Psychological impact Can overwhelm existing resources

8. Proliferation of Anthrax Hoaxes B’nai B’rith, Washington, D.C. April 1997 30 persons decontaminated • Post Office, Columbus, GA • Jan 1999 • 3 persons decontaminated • Indianapolis, IN • Sep - Dec 1998 • 10 incidents • multiple incident per day • NBC News Bureau, Atlanta, GA • Jan 1999 • 3 blocks evacuated • 12 persons decontaminated • Los Angeles, CA • Sep 98 - Jan 99 • 16 incidents • Estimated cost: $4 - 5 Million • Washington Post • & Old Executive Building • Jan 1999 • 2 incidents on same day

9. Limitations of NBC Agents • Effective dissemination difficult • Delayed effects can detract from impact • Counterproductive to terrorists’ support • Potentially hazardous to the terrorist • Development and use require skill

10. NBC Agent Sources • Home production • Laboratory / commercial production • Industrial facilities • Foreign military sources • Medical / university research facilities

11. Potential Terrorist Targets • Enclosed spaces • Large crowds (high profile events) • Critical facilities and infrastructure • Accessible facilities with significant hazard / damage potential (materials in transit) • Facilities of interest to terrorists’ cause

12. The Fallacies • It can’t happen to us • NBC agents are so deadly the victims will all die anyway • There is nothing we can do

13. Practical Exercise WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL TARGETS IN OUR AREA? WHY?

14. Targets in OUR Area ? State Capital Old State House Nuclear Plant Airport Alltel Arena Downtown Chemical Arsenal

15. We are vulnerable ...