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The Nervous System Unit II: Biology and Behavior -What is it? -How does it affect our behavior?

The Nervous System Unit II: Biology and Behavior -What is it? -How does it affect our behavior?. Vocab. Biology- Study or science of life in all its forms, esp. the origin, growth, reproduction, structure, and behavior. Peripheral -the external boundary of any surface or area.

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The Nervous System Unit II: Biology and Behavior -What is it? -How does it affect our behavior?

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  1. The Nervous SystemUnit II: Biology and Behavior-What is it?-How does it affect our behavior?

  2. Vocab • Biology-Study or science of life in all its forms, esp. the origin, growth, reproduction, structure, and behavior. • Peripheral-the external boundary of any surface or area. • Involuntary-not voluntary; independent of one's will; not by one’s own choice.

  3. Vocab • Neuron-a specialized, impulse-conducting cell that is the basic unit of the nervous system. (A nerve cell) • Hormone-various internally secreted compounds formed in the endocrine glands that affect the functions of the body. • Heredity-the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to offspring.

  4. The Nervous System Will Explain Why We FEEL… Strong Nervous Pain

  5. The Nervous System is … • A big communication system between the brain and the body. • Helps us to • gain information that is going on inside and around our body • respond accordingly

  6. The Nervous System is … • Made up of nerves – bundles of long thin cells called neurons. • Nerves send messages between the brain and the body.

  7. The Nervous System is … • Neurons – fundamental unit of the nervous system • nerve cell (5 parts) • have the ability to communicate with one another

  8. Neuron Structure

  9. 5 Major parts to a neuron • Dendrites • Cell Body • Axon- • can be thousandths of an inch or up to three feet! • Myelin Sheath- aids transmission • Degeneration can result in Multiple Sclerosis • Axon Terminals • Synaptic Gap- fluid filled and 5 millionth of an inch wide. Takes 10 millionth of a second to cross.

  10. Synaptic Gap

  11. The Nervous System is … • Two Parts • 1. Central Nervous System (CNS) • brain and spinal cord – encased in bone

  12. The Nervous System is… • 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • Nerves cells/ Neurons • Connects the CNS to the body • Carries information to and from the brain & spine. • “Outer Edge”

  13. 2 Parts of the Peripheral Nervous System • Somatic nervous system • Controls voluntary muscles and transmits sensory information to the CNS • Autonomic nervous system • Controls involuntary body functions • Heartbeat, Blood pressure, Breathing, Digestion… • Has two parts • Sympathetic • Parasympathetic

  14. A “blueprint” of the Nervous System

  15. How the Autonomic System affects our behaviors… Sympathetic Nervous System • “Fight or Flight” Response • Prepares our body to confront the situation or RUN! • Remember that sympathetic, stress, and sympathy begin with “S”.

  16. How the Autonomic System affects our behaviors… Parasympathetic Nervous System • Restores the body’s energy reserves after an event has occurred. • Remember that parasympathetic and peaceful both begin with “P”. • SLUDD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion and defecation).

  17. How it affects our behaviors…Sympathetic VS. Parasympathetic

  18. How the Nervous Systems affects our behaviors … • Neurotransmitters – chemicals released by neurons which help them pass messages to the next neuron. • Three important neurotransmitters (over 100 are known) have a big influence on our feelings and behavior. • Serotonin • Dopamine • Endorphins

  19. Serotonin • Function deals with mood control and sleep • Abnormal levels of serotonin have been linked to depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

  20. Dopamine • Deals with motor movement and alertness. • Deficiency of dopamine is associated with Parkinson’s disease. • Excess is associated with schizophrenia. • Antipsychotic drugs block dopamine receptors. • Cocaine, nicotine, & amphetamines increase dopamine activity.

  21. Endorphins • Regulates pain control/pain perception during stress or trauma. • Can give a euphoric feeling • We can become addicted to endorphin causing feelings. • Similar to opiate addiction (morphine, heroin, & codeine). • Acupuncture

  22. Another important neurotransmitter • Acetylcholine-”uh-seet-ul-KO-leen” • Muscle control • Low amounts linked to Alzheimer's • Nerve gas & black widow venom cause too much acetylcholine to be released resulting in convulsions and suffocation. • Nicotine mimics acetylcholine.

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