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Roman Reformers

Roman Reformers. Tiberius Gracchus. Became a tribune in 133 B.C. Wanted to divide up public lands and give to poor Vetoed by another tribune Eventually, Senate staged a riot and had him and his followers killed. Gaius Gracchus. Tiberius’s younger brother, Tribune in 123 B.C.

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Roman Reformers

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  1. Roman Reformers

  2. Tiberius Gracchus • Became a tribune in 133 B.C. • Wanted to divide up public lands and give to poor • Vetoed by another tribune • Eventually, Senate staged a riot and had him and his followers killed

  3. Gaius Gracchus • Tiberius’s younger brother, Tribune in 123 B.C. • Had government take over sale of wheat and sell it to the poor below market price. • Eventually, 1/3 Romans were receiving wheat for free • Senate felt threatened and in 121 B.C. had him killed

  4. Gaius Marius • General who became consul in 107 B.C. • first lower class Roman to be elected to such a high office • Set up professional army, everyone could join. • Offered pay, land, pensions, and items • Helped by providing jobs, hurt by making soldiers loyal to general rather than the government

  5. Lucius Sulla • General who opposed Marius; Sulla took his army and seized the city • Civil War broke out, in the end Sulla made himself dictator of Rome • Believed power of Senate was key to end Rome’s troubles • Senators had more duties, power of Tribunes weakened • Generals could not have more than one year at a time

  6. Pompey • Part of Triumvirate, Believed in a republic ruled by upper class senators • After Crassus’s death, he was murdered giving Caesar full control

  7. Julius Caesar • Well-educated politician who became a soldier • Named governor of Roman province in 58 B.C. • Conquered Northern France, Belgium, and invaded Britain • In 50 B.C. Senate ordered Caesar to break up his legions and return home; Instead by 46 B.C. he became dictator of Rome • Redistributed state lands in Italy and founded new colonies overseas • Gave land to thousands of ex-soldiers who had none • Built roads, drained marshes for land use

  8. Julius Caesar • In 50 B.C. Senate ordered Caesar to break up his legions and return home; Instead by 46 B.C. he became dictator of Rome • Redistributed state lands in Italy and founded new colonies overseas • Gave land to thousands of ex-soldiers who had none • Built roads, drained marshes for land use

  9. Julius Caesar • Keep the poor and the idle from turning into unhappy and angry mobs. • Doubled the size of the Senate • Gave business a chance to become senators. • Cut back on activities of the publicans

  10. Julius Caesar • Gave citizenship to Greeks, Spaniards, Gauls • Adopted a new calendar based on the Egyptian calendar, called it the Julian calendar, similar to what is still used today! • Killed him as they were afraid he was going to make himself king

  11. Mark Antony • Member of another triumvirate with Octavian and Marcus Lepidus • Took command of Rome’s territories in the East • Caesar’s closest follower and a popular general

  12. Octavian • Caesar’s grand nephew and adopted son • Took charge of the West • The triumvirate began to fight, Octavian won and was sole ruler of Rome

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