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Protestant Reformers

Protestant Reformers. Martin Luther. Against selling of indulgences Sola fides – justified by faith alone Cannot influence the salvation of others Use of vernacular hymns that taught beliefs Eucharist – bread and wine not just symbolic

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Protestant Reformers

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  1. Protestant Reformers

  2. Martin Luther • Against selling of indulgences • Sola fides – justified by faith alone • Cannot influence the salvation of others • Use of vernacular hymns that taught beliefs • Eucharist – bread and wine not just symbolic • Consubstantiation – bread and wine AND presence of Christ

  3. Martin Luther – Catholic Response • James 2:24 – Not justified by faith alone. • Faith and good works cannot be separated • Ancient debate • Pelagius – humans are saved through good works • Augustine – grace, not works save us • Grace inspires faith and good works • Community does influence who we are.

  4. Ulrich Zwingli • “Reformed” movement • Authority rests on Bible, not Pope • Center of worship – font, pulpit (preaching), and communion • Eucharist – only a symbol • Christ is in heaven, not earth

  5. Ulrich Zwingli – Catholic Response • Basis of the Bible is Tradition • Bible continually needs to be interpreted through Tradition. • Focus on human preaching rather than God’s action through ritual and symbol • Anabaptist movement – baptize only adults • Augustine & baptism – infant baptism reminds us of our need for help and the power of God. • John 6 and the early Tradition of the Church

  6. John Calvin • Institutes – Guidebook for Protestantism • Geneva Bible – guides reading & interpretation of Biblical passages • John Knox – preaching at the center

  7. John Calvin – Catholic Response • Transfers authority from the Tradition of the Church to his own interpretation • In essences, sets up a “reformed” catechism based on Calvin’s interpretation.

  8. Anglican Movement • Church of England started by Henry VIII • Placed the government over the Church • King is head of the Anglican Church • Very close in practice and teachings to the Catholic Church. • Recent Anglican communion with Rome

  9. Protestant legacy • Tendency to Sectarianism • Start new Churches rather than resolve disputes from within the community • Human Acts over God’s Action • Individual over Community • Local over Universal • Thus, it is a fundamentally opposed to the unity of Christians • Final authority is the self (individualism) • Any idea can be most important

  10. Council of Trent (1245-63) • Catholic Church’s official response to the Protestant Reformation • Set about reform • Stopped selling indulgences • Better training of priests • Focus on Spiritual over worldliness • Affirmed Church’s authority in interpreting Bible • Affirmed Bishops & priests • Reaffirmed doctrine, especially the Sacraments

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