Over-the-Counter Products - What’s in the Bottle?

1. Over-the-Counter Products - What’s in the Bottle? David J. Shetlar, Ph.D. The “BugDoc” The Ohio State University, OARDC & OSU Extension Columbus, OH © October, 2002, D.J. Shetlar, all rights reserved

2. Is There Life After Dursban and Diazinon Cancellation? • Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) continues to review insecticides and miticides. • Organophosphates and Carbamates are major targets for restriction. • Dursban and diazinon NOT canceled, just restricted from residential use, still available for golf courses and nurseries. • Orthene also “voluntarily” withdrawn – Cygon (=dimethoate), Sevin (=carbaryl) and others not being “supported.”

3. What are the alternatives? • Pyrethroids – broad spectrum insecticides; some with mite suppression; considerable range of activity within group (i.e., they are not all the same!). • Neonicotinoids – broad spectrum; some systemic action; often slow action – best used as preventives; not all are the same! • Spinosyn – moderately broad spectrum, good on caterpillars, spider mites, some leafminers. • Neem (azadirachtin) – moderate spectrum; IGR action. • Oils & Soaps – still there!

4. Pyrethroids • Sumithrin [Ortho] • Tetramethrin [Ortho] • Resmethrin • Cyfluthrin (=Tempo)[Bayer Advanced Lawn & Garden products] • Permethrin (=Astro, Pounce)[Spectracide] • Bifenthrin (=Talstar) [Ortho & Scotts products] • Deltamethrin [Bonide] • Esfenvalerate (=Asana) [Ortho] • Lambda-cyhalothrin (=Scimitar)

5. Pyrethroid LD-50s • Sumithrin = 10,000 • Tetramethrin = 5000 • Resmethrin = 2500 • Cyfluthrin = 500 • Permethrin = 430 • Bifenthrin = 375 • Deltamethrin = 135 • Esfenvalerate = 75 • Lambda-cyhalothrin = 56

6. Bonide Delta Eight – with deltamethrin (=DeltaGard) OVERALL LAWN TREATMENT FOR GRASS AND DICHONDRA LAWNS TO CONTROL Ants, Armyworms (inc. Fall , Yellow-Striped etc.), Bermudagrass Mites, Billbugs (adult), Boxelder Bugs, Centipedes, Chiggers, Chinch Bugs, Clover Mites, Cockroaches, Crickets, Cutworms, Darkling Ground Beetles, Digger Wasps, Essex Skipper, European Crane Fly Larvae, Field Crickets, Fiery Skipper, Fire Ants, Flea Beetle (in dichondra), Grasshopper, Hyperodes (Turfgrass Weevil), Japanese Beetle (adult), Lawn Moths, Leafhoppers, Adult Mealybugs, Scorpions, Silverfish & Firebrats, Sod Webworms, Sowbugs, Spiders, Spittlebugs, Springtails, Vegetable Weevils (in dichondra)

7. Bonide Eight Insect Control – with permethrin Ornamentals Pests: Aphids, Armyworms, Bagworms, Cabbage Worms, Cicadas, Cornworms, Cutworms, Exposed Thrips, Fall Cankerworms, Fall Webworms, Fungus Gnat, Inchworms, Japanese Beetles, Leafminers, Leafrollers, Mealybugs, Scale Crawlers, Spring Cankerworms, Spider Mites, Whiteflies, Rose Chafer, Psyllids, Scale Insects

8. Bayer Advanced Garden Power-Force Multi-Insect Killer – with cyfluthrin (=Tempo) Ornamentals- Aphids, Bagworms, Boxelder Bugs, Clover Mites, Elm Leaf Beetles, Grasshoppers, Gypsy Moth Larvae, Japanese Beetles (adults), Lacebugs, Leaf-feeding Caterpillars, Leaf-feeding Beetles, Leafhoppers, Mealybugs, Pillbugs, Scales (crawlers only), Spittlebugs, Thrips, Whiteflies Turf – Ants, Armyworms, Bluegrass Billbugs (adults), Chiggers, Chinchbugs, Crickets, Cutworms, Earwigs, Fire Ants, Fleas, Grasshoppers, Hyperodes Weevils (adults), Japanese Beetles (adults), Mole Crickets, Sod Webworms (lawn moths), Ticks (including deer ticks)

9. Ortho Houseplant & Garden Insect Killer - bifenthrin Ornamentals Aphids, caterpillars, beetles (including Japanese beetles), fungus gnats, lacebugs, leafhoppers, leafminers, leafrollers, mealybugs, spider mites, rose midges, scales (crawlers), spittlebugs, tent caterpillars, thrips, weevils, whiteflies

10. Ortho Rose & Flower Insect Killer - bifenthrin Ornamentals- Aphids, caterpillars, beetles (including Japanese beetles), fungus gnats, lacebugs, leafhoppers, leafminers, leafrollers, mealybugs, spider mites, rose midges, scales (crawlers), spittlebugs, tent caterpillars, thrips, weevils, whiteflies and other garden insects

11. Ortho Home Defense, Home & Garden Insect Killer - Tetramethrin & Sumithrin Ornamentals – Ants, Aphids, Cankerworm, Caterpillars, Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Japanese Beetle, Lacebugs, Leafhopper, Mealybug, Spider Mites, Whiteflies

12. Ortho Bug-B-Gon Multi-purpose Insect Killer – with esfenvalerate (formerly contained diazinon) On Ornamental Plants Including: Roses,Flowers,Shrubs and Small Trees Aphid, armyworm, balsam woolly adelgid, buckhorn aphid, cabbage looper, cucumber beetle (adults – spotted & striped), cutworm, European pine sawfly, fall webworm, flea beetle, grasshopper, gypsy moth, imported cabbageworm, Japanese beetle, leafhopper, looper, northern pine weevil, pine chafer, pine coreid bug, red pine sawfly, redheaded pine sawfly, saltmarsh caterpillar, spittlebugs, tent caterpillar and whitefly.

13. Ortho Bug-B-Gon Multi-purpose Insect Killer – with permethrin (formerly contained diazinon) Lawn pests: ants, armyworms, brown dog ticks, chinch bugs, crickets, cutworms, deer ticks, fleas, grasshoppers, Japanese beetle grubs, mole crickets and sod webworms. Tree, shrub, rose and flower pests: aphids, bagworms, cicadas, exposed thrips, fall cankerworms and other listed pests. Nuisance pests (outdoors): ants, clover mites, cluster flies, crickets, earwigs, fleas and other listed pests.

14. Ortho Bug-B-Gon Multi-purpose Insect Killer – ready to use granules – with permethrin (formerly contained diazinon or carbaryl)

15. Ortho Lawn Insect Killer Granules and Scotts Insect Control plus Lawn Fertilizer – with bifenthrin (replaces the Dursban and Diazinon granules) Lawns Ants, armyworm (including fall armyworm), billbug, chiggers, chinch bugs, crickets, cutworms, earwigs, grasshoppers, mealybugs, sod webworms and weevils, black turfgrass ataenius, fleas, leafhoppers, spiders, ticks, mole crickets, millipedes, centipedes, scorpions, sowbugs/pillbugs.

16. Neonicotinoids – nerve blockers, behavior modifiers • Imidacloprid = Merit (only one registered for homeowner use) • Thiamethoxam = Meridian (not yet registered • Two to Three under development

17. Bayer Advanced Garden Lawn & Garden Tree & Shrub Insect Control – contains imidacloprid (=Merit) Ornamentals - Adelgids, Aphids, Black Vine Weevil Larvae, Roundheaded Borers (including Eucalyptus Longhorned Borers), Flatheaded Borers (including Bronze Birch and Alder Borers) Japanese Beetles (adult), Lacebugs, Leaf Beetles (including Elm, Leaf Beetles and Viburnum Leaf Beetles), Leafhoppers, Leafminers (including Birch Leafminers), Mealybugs Pine Tip Moth Larvae, Psyllids, Royal Palm Bugs, Sawfly Larvae, Scales (including Armored Scale [suppression] and Soft Scale), Thrips, Whiteflies

18. Bayer Advanced Lawn Season Long Grub Control (imidacloprid = Merit) White Grubs, Mole Crickets

19. Insect Growth Regulators Halofenozide – molting accelerator Azatin – exoskeleton inhibitor

20. Ortho Grub-B-Gon and Scotts GrubEX – contains halofenozide (=MACH2) Turf White grubs*, armyworms, cutworms and sod webworms * White grubs including larvae of european chafer, northern and southern masked chafer(s), Japanese beetle, oriental beetle, Asiatic garden beetle, May/June beetle, black turfgrass ataenius, green June beetle, annual bluegrass weevil/ hyperodes, billbugs and aphodius beetle.

21. Label includes: Aphids, bagworms, bean leaf beetles, armyworms, caterpillars, cucumber beetles, cutworms, Japanese beetles, leafhoppers, leaf rollers, gypsy moth larvae, mealybugs, thrips, vine borers, Mexican bean beetles, weevils and whiteflies.

23. Organophosphates & Carbamates still available Diazinon – until December 2004 Trichlorfon (=Dylox) – until ? Carbaryl (=Sevin) – until ?

24. Bayer Advanced Lawn 24-hour Grub Control (trichlorfon = Dylox) Grubs, Mole Crickets, Sod Webworms, Cutworms

25. Contains permethrin!

27. rate ave range % of tests Insecticide lb.ai . /a. % control # tests % control below 70% Thiamethoxam 0.2 96.1 38 0-100 3 (=Meridian) Halofenozide 92.8 1.5 57 10-100 10 (=MACH2) Imidacloprid 93.7 0.3 58 58-100 7 (=Merit) Trichlorfon 77.6 8.0 90 0 -98 19 (=Dylox, Proxol) Carbaryl 74.3 8.0 40 13-100 37 (= Sevin) Diazinon 69.0 4.0 20 47-99 42 74.8 5.5 41 25-100 29 Chlorpyrifos 54.6 4.0 32 0-96 59 (=Dursban) – Ranked Efficacy of White Grub Insecticides 1976 – 2001a a Data from ESA publications (1977-2001) using masked chafer and Japanese beetle data where label timing recommendations were used and at least 4.0 grubs per sq.ft. were found in checks.

28. Comparison of Grub Insecticide Efficacy by Time of Application rate ave % control (#tests) Insecticide lb.ai./a. May June July to Aug 16 to Sept 10 Halofenozide 1.5 92.8 (6) 96.8 (18) 92.2 (15) 92.0 (13) 80.3 (22) (=MACH2) Imidachloprid 0.3 90.2 (8) 91.8 (16) 94.9 (16) 95.6 (17) 96.5 (29) (=Merit) Thiamethoxam 0.2 80.0 (5) 98.8 (11) 98.6 (9) 98.3 (11) 93.7 (8) (=Meridian) 0.26 91.5 (4) 99.3 (3) 99.3 (2) 98.0 (6) 100.0 (4) Trichlorfon 8.0 --- --- --- 91.0 (2) 83.3 (12)

29. But, what about the “tough-to-control” grubs? Green June beetle, European chafer, Oriental beetle?

30. rate ave Insecticide lb.ai . /a. % control # tests Bendiocarb 2.0 81.0 1 Thiamethoxam 0.2 83.8 1 (=Turcam) 3.0 82.4 5 (=Meridian) Halofenozide 1.5 67.9 13 (=MACH2) 2.0 72.8 9 Imidacloprid 0.3 89.9 17 (=Merit) 0.4 89.2 4 Trichlorfon 8.0 77.0 1 (=Dylox, Proxol) Carbaryl 8.0 74.5 2 (= Sevin) Ranked Efficacy of White Grub Insecticides Against European Chafer - 1976 – 2001a a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using European chafer data where timing of application was between 1 July and 15 August.

31. Comparison of Grub Insecticide Efficacy For Control of European Chafer, by Time of Application rate ave % control (#tests) Insecticide lb.ai./a. June July-15Aug to Sept Halofenozide 1.5 83.4 (2) 67.9 (13) 60.5 (5) (=MACH2) 2.0 72.8 (9) 23.5 (2) Imidachloprid 0.3 88.3 (5) 89.9 (17) 73.0 (4) (=Merit) 0.4 98.4 (2) 89.2 (4) 88.2 (3) Thiamethoxam 0.2 84.5 (2) 83.8 (1) (=Meridian) 0.26 Trichlorfon 8.0 --- 77.0 (1) 86.2 (6)

32. Billbugs Again!

33. rate ave Insecticide lb.ai . /a. % control # tests Carbaryl 6.0 91.7 1 (= Sevin) 8.0 58.3 1 Chlorpyrifos 1.0 47.8 3 (=Dursban) 2.0 74.5 3 Diazinon 4.0 88.2 4 Fonofos 2.0 79.1 2 (=Crusade) Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides (used as preventives) - 1989 – 2000a OPs & Carb a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was at egg lay to early egg hatch.

34. rate ave Insecticide lb.ai . /a. % control # tests Bifenthrin 0.05 50.1 1 (=Talstar) 0.1 54.2 1 Cyfluthrin 0.14 39.4 2 (=Tempo) Deltamethrin 0.06 71.0 1 (=DeltaGard) 0.13 75.2 2 lam-Cyhalothrin 0.06 81.0 1 (=Scimitar) Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides (used as preventives) - 1989 – 2000a Pyrethroids a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was at egg lay to early egg hatch.

35. rate ave Insecticide lb.ai . /a. % control # tests Imidacloprid Thiamethoxam 0.2 0.3 86.4 81.0 8 1 (= (= Merit) Meridian) 0.4 0.26 100 61.5 6 1 Halofenozide 1.5 62.6 6 (=MACH2) 2.0 41.4 2 Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides (used as preventives) - 1989 – 2000a NeoNs & IGR a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was at egg lay to early egg hatch.

36. rate ave Insecticide lb.ai . /a. % control # tests Thiamethoxam 1.5 64.7 6 (= MACH2) 2.0 17.0 1 Permethrin 0.4 59.0 1 (=Astro) 0.8 38.3 1 Diazinon 4.0 65.6 5 Chlorpyrifos Bifenthrin Imidacloprid 0.3 0.1 1.0 67.0 40.3 64.7 1 6 1 (=Merit) (=Talstar) (=Dursban) Deltamethrin 0.13 16.7 1 (=DeltaGard) Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides (used as curatives) - 1989 – 2000a a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was to control larvae.

38. Permethrin 0.5G 0.25 909.5 14 Permethrin 0.5G 0.50 816.8 23 Permethrin 0.5G 1.00 823.6 22 0.43 721.7 Permethrin 0.5GF 32 Check -- -.- 1058.9 2001 Ohio Hairy Chinch Bug Control #/ft.sq. % Control Treatment Rate 7DAT 7DAT appl. 30 Aug., Springboro, OH

39. Merit 75WP 0.3 92 96 Exp NN-v 0.3 90 87 Exp NN-v 0.4 78 81 Tempo Ultra 0.1 83 63 Tempo 20WP 0.2 22 0 Talstar SC 0.1 98 98 2001 Ohio Hairy Chinch Bug Control % Control Treatment Rate 7DAT 14DAT appl. 30 Aug., Springboro, OH; 943.5 & 418.6 hcb/sq.ft. checks @ 7, & 14 DAT

40. Steward SC 0.25 58 54 Exp NN-t 0.2 32 29 Exp NN-t 0.3 27 79 Merit 75WP 0.3 65 80 Meridian 25WG 0.2 10 81 Talstar SC 0.1 52 69 2002 Ohio Hairy Chinch Bug Control % Control Treatment Rate 3DAT 15DAT appl. 27 Aug., Dublin, OH; 70.2 & 312.5 hcb/sq.ft. checks @ 3, & 15 DAT

42. Turf Caterpillar Controls Insecticide Rate % Control # Tests Organophosphates Diazinon 5.5 94.0 4 Dursban 1.0 98.7 18 Dylox/Proxol 8.0 87.3 4 Orthene 5.0 92.3 4 Carbamates Sevin 4.0 96.8 5 Turcam 2.0 89.7 3

43. Turf Caterpillar Controls Insecticide Rate % Control # Tests Pyrethroids Astro 0.04 100.0 2 DeltaGard 0.08 94.5 2 Scimitar 0.02 96.8 5 Tempo 0.10 97.6 21 Spinosyn Conserve 0.3 90.1 6

44. Turf Caterpillar Controls Insecticide Rate % Control # Tests Chloronicotinoid Merit 0.3 48.5 7 Molt Accelerator (growth regulator) MACH2 1.0 86.5 7 Nematodes S. carpocapsae 1.0 bil 89.6 7 H. bact. 0.5 bil 67.0 4

45. Traditional Dursban Lindane DiSyston (disulfoton) Cygon (dimethoate) Bidrin injection Orthene injection Alternatives Tempo, Talstar, Deltagard, Scimitar, Astro Merit injection (beetles only!) ??? ??? Borer Insecticides X X ??

46. Borer Control Approaches Cultural – Use plants that are not prone to borer attack! Plant health care – plants in good growing conditions can usually repel borer attacks. Avoid Plant Damage – damaged plants are prone to attack. Biological – Usually not effective because they attack after infestation.

47. Caterpillars – Fall Webworm, Mimosa Webworm, Bagworm

48. Traditional Dursban Sevin Orthene Malathion Alternatives Tempo, Talstar, Deltagard, Scimitar, Astro Conserve Bt Soaps or Oils Caterpillar Insecticides X ? X

49. Pine tortoise scale mature females on stem. Pine needle scale second instar nymphs and male “pupae” on needles.

50. Pine needle scale females. Note pinkish eggs at end of scale test (shell) and a settled crawler at upper left. Group of pine needle scale settled crawlers (tan) and a couple of fresh crawlers (pinkish) in color.