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DIGITAL AXLE COUNTER

I. DIGITAL AXLE COUNTER. G.D.CHANDOLIA. WHAT IS AXLE COUNTER ?. IT IS MEANS FOR DETECTION OF TRAIN ON A TRACK . IT IS HAVING TWO SETS OF TRANSDUCERS & A PROCESSSOR. ONE SET IS INSTALLED AT THE ENTRANCE OF LENGTH OF TRACK WHICH COUNTS IN .

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DIGITAL AXLE COUNTER

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  1. I DIGITAL AXLE COUNTER G.D.CHANDOLIA

  2. WHAT IS AXLE COUNTER ? • IT IS MEANS FOR DETECTION OF TRAIN ON A TRACK. • IT IS HAVING TWO SETS OF TRANSDUCERS & A PROCESSSOR. • ONE SET IS INSTALLED AT THE ENTRANCE OF LENGTH OF TRACK WHICH COUNTS IN. • ANOTHER SET IS INSTALLED AT THE EXIT OF LENGTH OF TRACK WHICH COUNTS OUT. • THE PROCESSOR PROCESS THE COUNTS IN & COUNTS OUT AND CLEAR THE LINE IF THEY ARE EQUAL & SHOWS OCCUPIED IF THEY ARE NOT EQUAL.

  3. ADVANTAGES OF AXLE COUNTERS • MONITORS VERY LONG TRACK SECTIONS • IMMUNE TO BALLAST RESISTANCE • INSENSITIVE TO TEMPERATURE VARIATION • INDEPENDENT OF TYPE & QUALITY OF RAILS, SAND FORMATION & WATER LOGGED TRACKS • IMMUNE TO TRACTION RETURN CURRENTS

  4. APPLICATION OF AXLE COUNTERS • TRACK CIRCUITING OF BERTHING TRACKS • TRACK CIRCUITING OF POINT ZONE TRACKS • VERIFICATION OF COMPLETE ARRIVAL OF TRAIN • INTERMEDIATE BLOCK SIGNALLING • AUTOMATIC SIGNALLING • TRAIN ACTUATED WARNING DEVICE

  5. TYPES OF AXLE COUNTERS

  6. NEED OF DIGITAL AXLE COUNTERS DEFICIENCIES IN ANALOG AXLE COUNTERS • TROLLEY SUPPRESION TRACK CIRCUIT RELAY CONTACTS. • NO DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES. • REQUIRES INTERPHASE EQUIPMENT WITH OTHER • TRANSMISSION MEDIA. • ACCESSORIES SUCH AS RELAYS, CABLECONDUCTORS, • SPACE & EQUIPMENTS AS WELL AS MAINTENANCE IS MORE • NO. OF HARDWARES FOR FIXING TRACK DEVICES • INTERFERENCE OF 5 KHz. SIGNAL WITH HARMONICS.

  7. SINGLE SECTION DIGITAL AXLE COUNTERS(SSDAC)-BLOCK DIAGRAM

  8. SSDAC – SYSTEM COMPONENTS • AXLE DETECTOR – 2 NOS. • SSDAC COUNTING UNITS – 2 NOS. • RESET BOX – 1 NO. (COMMON RESETTING) – 2 NOS. (INDEPENDENT RESETTING) • VITAL RELAY - QS3 ( 24V) 2 NO. • POWER SUPPLY ARRANGEMENT - 24 V DC(2 Nos.) • COMMUNICATION & SIGNALLING CABLES AS PER LOCATION • TROLLEY SUPPRESSION TRACK CIRCUIT - 2 Nos.

  9. AXLE DETECTORS • FREQUENCY OF 21KHz & 23KHz TX/RX COILS ARE USED. • WEB TYPE AXLE DETECTORS • DEFLECTOR BRACKET ASSEMBLY • COMPATIBLE WITH 90R,52 KG & 60 KG RAIL PROFILES • DETECTION OF ALL WHEELS WITH WHEEL DIA > 400 MM

  10. VIEW OF COUNTING UNIT

  11. COUNTING UNIT – FRONT VIEW

  12. COUNTING UNIT - FUNCTIONS • GENERATION OF CARRIER SIGNAL FOR TX COILS • DEMODULATION OF SIGNAL FROM RX COILS • GENERATION OF VALID PULSES • COUNT THE PULSES TO COMPUTE THE NUMBER OF PASSING WHEELS • EXCHANGE & COMPARISON OF COUNTS BETWEEN TWO SSDAC UNITS • GIVING A VITAL RELAY OUTPUT • ERROR CHECKING AND DISPLAY

  13. COUNTING UNIT- OTHER FEATURES • DESIGNED AS PER CENELEC STANDARDS OF HIGHEST SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL 4 (SIL-4). • BASED ON FAIL SAFE PRINCIPLE • BASED ON 2 OUT OF 2 LOGIC • ALL THE CARDS ARE OF EXTENDED SINGLE EURO SIZE(220mmX100mm) • MOTHERBOARD FOR INTER CARD CONNECTIONS • PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS 300X133X300mm • FIRST TIME DEVELOPED INDIGENOUSLY BY CEL & RDSO. • IMPORT SUBSTITUTE. • CENELEC-Committee European de Normalisation Electro technique

  14. COUNTING UNIT - CONSTIUENTS • CARD 1 SIGNAL CONDITIONING CARD FOR 21 KHz • CARD 2 SIGNAL CONDITIONING CARD FOR 23 KHz • CARD 3 MICRO CONTROLLER LOGIC & ERROR DISPLAY CARD • CARD 4 MICRO CONTROLLER LOGIC & ERROR DISPLAY CARD • CARD 5 EVENT LOGGER CARD(OPTIONAL) • CARD 6 MODEM CARD • CARD 7 RELAY DRIVER CARD • CARD 8 DC-DC CONVERTOR CARD

  15. SIGNAL CONDITIONING CARD - FUNCTIONS • GENERATION OF CARRIER SIGNALS OF 21 KHz OR OF 23 KHz FOR TX COILS • DEMODULATION OF RECEIVER COIL SIGNAL OF 21 KHz OR OF 23 KHz FROM RX COILS • ADJUSTMENT OF RECEIVER SIGNAL WITH POTENTIOMETER • GENERATION OF WHEEL PULSE • PULSE SHAPING • TROLLEY SUPPRESSION TRACK CIRCUIT • GENERATION OF SUPERVISORY SIGNAL

  16. SIGNAL CONDITIONING CARD – SALIENT FEATURES • THE CARRIER SIGNALS OF 21 KHz OR OF 23 KHz FOR TX COILS ARE GENERATED WITH OUTPUT VOLTAGE AS 30V TO 40V rms & FREQUENCY VARIATION OF 20 KHz. • THERE IS A LEVEL DETECTOR CIRCUIT WHICH CHECKS THE LEVEL OF RECEIVER COIL OUTPUT • TO ADJUST THE LEVEL OF DEMODULATED SIGNAL FROM RX COIL, POTENTIOMETER HAS BEEN PROVIDED. • TO INHIBITE COUNTING DUE TO TROLLEYS , TRACK CIRCUIT CONTACTS ARE CONNECTED • PULSE SHAPER CIRCUIT HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY USING HYBRIDS.

  17. SIGNAL CONDITIONING CARD – INDICATIONS LED INDICATIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR • OSC OK ON OSCILLATOR WORKING PROPERLY • LD OK ON LD WORKING PROPERLY • PULSE OK ON PULSE SHAPER WORKING PROPERLY • TP CONNECTED/ ON TRACK CIRCUIT CONNECTED TPR PICKED UP UNDER NORMAL CONDITION ,THE LED WILL BE GLOWING.

  18. MICRO CONTROLLER LOGIC CARD- FUNCTIONS • TWO IDENTICAL CARDS TO HAVE 2 OUT OF 2 LOGIC • MONITOR & RECEIVE PULSE SIGNAL • OUTPUT PULSE SIGNAL TO OTHER MICRO CONTROLLER LOGIC CARD • DETECT THE DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT • COUNTING THE WHEELS PASSSING OVER DETECTOR • SUPERVISION OF AXLE DETECTORS, PRESENCE OF CARDS • CODE MESSAGE PACKETS FOR TRANSMISSION TO REMOTE COUNTING UNIT

  19. MICRO CONTROLLER LOGIC CARD- FUNCTIONS( CONT.) • DECODE MESSAGE PACKETS RECEIVED FROM REMOTE COUNTING UNIT • DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF AXLES IN THE SECTION • CONTROL & SUPERVISE THE STATUS OF VITAL RELAY. • GENERATION OF SYSTEM ERROR CODES • GENERATION OF CLOCK • RECEIVING THE RESET COMMAND FROM MODEM CARD

  20. MICRO CONTROLLER LOGIC CARD- SALIENT FEATURES • MICRO CONTROLLER IS BASED ON STANDARD 89C51 • RS232 COMPATIBLE SERIAL PORT FOR MODEM CONNECTIVITY • 1OK BYTE ON CHIP FLASH ROM FOR PROGRAM STORAGE • 256 BYTE ON CHIP RAM • PARALLEL PORTS FOR ADDRESS /MODE INPUT, PULSE INPUTS & VITAL RELAY OUTPUT • LED DISPLAY FOR COUNT PROGRESS/ ERROR DISPLAY • LED INDICATORS FOR SECTION STATUS

  21. MICROCONTROLLER LOGIC BOARD – INDICATIONS LED INDICATIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR • CLEAR ON CLEAR CONDITION • OCCUPIED ON OCCUPIED CONDITION • ERRORS BLOCK 1 2 1 2 3 4 4 8 5 6 10 20 7 8 40 80

  22. LIST OF ERRORS

  23. LIST OF ERRORS (CONTD…)

  24. MODEM CARD- FUNCTIONS • IT PROVIDES SIGNAL CONVERSION FROM DIGITAL TO ANALOG AND VICE-VERSA AS PER CCITT V.21 STANDARD. • IT IS USED FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO COUNTING UNITS WHICH IS IN THE FORM OF DATA PACKETS • DATA PACKETS CONSISTS OF COUNT CHANGE INFORMATION, COUNT UPDATE INFORMATION, POWER ON/RESET INFORMATION & ERROR INFORMATION IF ANY. • IT INTERFACES WITH SERIAL RS232C PORT OF BOTH MICRO CONTROLLER LOGIC CARDS. • MULTIPLEX RS232C INPUTS & SELECTS ONE CHANNELS.

  25. MODEM CARD- SALIENT FEATURES • MULTIPLEXES THE TWO SERIAL PORTS • AMD 7911 FSK MODEM CHIP • V.21 MODE OF OPERATION (2 WIRE) • 300 BAUD RATE TRANSMISSION • SETTING IN ORIGINATOR(ENTRY UNIT) & ANSWERER(EXIT UNIT) MODE. • SWITCH SELECTABLE GAINS IN RECEIVE & TRANSMIT PATH • LED INDICATORS FOR SECTION STATUS

  26. MODEM CARD – INDICATIONS LED INDICATIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR • TX FLASHING TRANSMITTING THE SIGNAL • RX FLASHING RECEIVING THE SIGNAL • MODE OFF NOT IN NETWORKING • CD ON CARRIER IS DETECTED

  27. RELAY DRIVER CARD- FUNCTIONS • IT CHECKS & GENERATES THE VITAL RELAY DRIVE OUTPUT. • THIS OUTPUT IS USED TO DRIVE FAIL SAFE VITAL RELAY • THE OUTPUT IS GENERATED ONLY WHEN THE SELF COUNT & REMOTE COUNTS ARE MATCHED AND EQUAL • ALSO THE SUPERVISORY SIGNALS ARE NORMAL AT BOTH LOCATION.

  28. RELAY DRIVER CARD- SALIENT FEATURES • DUAL CLOCK CHECKING CIRCUIT • OPTO ISOLATOR CIRCUIT • VITAL RELAY DRIVE OUTPUT CIRCUIT • LED INDICATORS FOR CLOCK. CLEAR PULSE RELAY DRIVER OUTPUT

  29. RELAY DRIVER CARD – INDICATIONS LED INDICATIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR • MLB1 CLEAR COUNTS ARE BALANCED • MLB1 CLOCK FLASHING SECTION IS CLEAR • MLB2 CLEAR COUNTS ARE BALANCED • MLB2 CLOCK FLASHING SECTION IS CLEAR • RELAY DRIVE ON 24V DC AVAILABLE

  30. DC-DC CONVERTOR CARD- FUNCTIONS • IT RECEIVES 24V BATTERY/IPS INPUT. • IT GENERATES 5V,12V,24V OUTPUT WITH COMMON GROUND • A SEPERATE 15V WITH ISO GROUND IS ALSO GENERATED • IT GENERATES LED INDICATION FOR BOTH INPUT & OUTPUT SUPPLY.

  31. DC-DC CONVERTOR CARD- SALIENT FEATURES • INPUT RANGE IS 18V TO 30V • OUTPUT RATING 5V –2A, 12V –200mA, 24V –300mA & 15V-100mA • LOAD REGULATION 0.1% & 0.5% • INPUT & OUTPUT PROTECTED AGAINST SHORT CIRCUIT • INPUT REVERSE POLARITY PROTECTION • LOW RIPPLE, EFFICIENCY BETTER THAN 50%, NO OVERSHOOT/UNDERSHOOT.

  32. DC-DC CONVERTOR CARD – INDICATIONS LED INDICATIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR • 5V ON PRESENCE OF 5V • 12V ON PRESENCE OF 12V • 24V ON PRESENCE OF 24V • 15V ON PRESENCE OF 15V OFF INDICATES FAILURE

  33. RESETTING SYSTEM- FUNCTIONS • IT IS REQUIRED TO MAKE THE SYSTEM NORMAL IN CASE AXLE COUNTER HAS FAILED/SWITCHING ON POWER SUPPLY. • IT IS DONE WITH THE HELP OF SM’s RESET BOX. (PREPARATORY RESET) • AS PER SAFETY REQUIREMENT, TO NORMALISE THE AXLE COUNTER, THE FIRST TRAIN SHALL BE PILOTED IN THE SECTION AFTER RESETTING TO REGISTER BALANCE OF COUNTS IN THE SYSTEM

  34. RESET BOX- SALIENT FEATURES • IT IS HAVING LED INDICATION FOR SECTION STATUS • IT IS HAVING SM’S KEY ACTUATOR & RESET BUTTON • COUNTER FOR RECORDING NO. OF RESET • PREPARATORY RESET RELAY (PPR1) MINITURE RELAY • INPUT VOLTAGE 24V DC • 24V TO 48V DC- DC CONVERTOR • 48V IS USED FOR RESETTING

  35. RESET BOX – INDICATIONS LED INDICATIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR • CLEAR ON SECTION IS CLEARED • OCCUPIED ON SECTION IS OCCUPIED • PREPARATORY RESET ON PREPARATORY RESET STATE • POWER ON ON PRESENCE OF 24V OFF INDICATES FAILURE

  36. INDIAN RAILWAYS INSTITUTE OF SIGNAL & TELECOM. ENGINEERS STATION TO STATION BLOCK

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