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DNA, mRNA, and Protein Synthesis

DNA, mRNA, and Protein Synthesis. TAKS Review for April 22 test. What is DNA?. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid Functions: Store and transmit genetic info Contains the blueprint for making proteins. Location and Structure of DNA . Location: Nucleus Structure:

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DNA, mRNA, and Protein Synthesis

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  1. DNA, mRNA, and Protein Synthesis TAKS Review for April 22 test

  2. What is DNA? • DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid • Functions: • Store and transmit genetic info • Contains the blueprint for making proteins

  3. Location and Structure of DNA • Location: • Nucleus • Structure: • Double stranded, often called double helix • Composed of three part nucleotides: • Deoxyribose (sugar) • Phosphate (PO4) • Nitrogen base (1 of 4): • Adenine (A) • Thymine (T) • Cytosine (C) • Guanine (G)

  4. Base Pairing Rule

  5. DNA Replication • During cell reproduction an exact copy of the parent cell is made • DNA unzips to make two new strands of DNA • Location: Nucleus

  6. DNA Replication

  7. Making Proteins • DNA contains the instructions for building proteins • Proteins are made at the ribosomes • DNA cannot leave the nucleus • How does DNA’s information get to the ribosome?

  8. Messenger RNA (mRNA) • What is mRNA? • Ribonucleic acid: • Single stranded • Nucleotides composed of: • Ribose (sugar) • Phosphate • Nitrogen bases: • Adenine (A) • Guanine (G) • Cytosine (C) • Uracil (U)

  9. How does mRNA take DNA’s information to the ribosome? • Transcription: RNA is made from a strand of DNA • Location: • nucleus • mRNA leaves the nucleus and takes the information to the RIBOSOME where a protein will be made

  10. Transcription

  11. What happens to mRNA at the ribosome? • mRNA will bind to the ribosome • tRNA will read mRNA in three part sections (codon) • tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome • Amino acids will bond to form a protein

  12. Translation

  13. Genetic Code-language of mRNA • Remember: mRNA is read in 3 part sequences called a codon (64 total) • Every 3 part sequence codes for an amino acid • Proteins are determined by the order in which amino acids are joined together • There are 20 different amino acids which can combine to form many different proteins

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