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DNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

DNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID) Nucleic acid that composes chromosomes and carries genetic information. BUILDING BLOCKS OF DNA Composed of nucleotides Nucleotides contain three parts: 1. 5-Carbon Sugar (deoxyribose) 2. Phosphate Group

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DNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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  1. DNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

  2. DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID) • Nucleic acid that composes chromosomes and carries genetic information.

  3. BUILDING BLOCKS OF DNA Composed of nucleotides • Nucleotides contain three parts: 1. 5-Carbon Sugar (deoxyribose) 2. Phosphate Group 3. Nitrogen Base (four types, adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine)

  4. Adenine and Guanine are purines (composed of two rings of nitrogen atoms)

  5. Thymine and Cytosine are pyrimidines (composed of one ring of nitrogen atoms)

  6. STRUCTURE OF DNA • Consists of two strands of nucleotides that form a twisted ladder (double helix) • Sugar and phosphate alternate along the sides of the ladder (linked by strong covalent bonds) • Pairs of nitrogen bases form the rungs of the ladder (linked by weak hydrogen bonds).

  7. FUNCTION OF DNA • DNA codes for proteins (structural proteins, enzymes, and hormones) • information for building proteins is carried in the sequence of nitrogen bases • proteins determine physical and metabolic traits and regulate growth and development.

  8. DNA REPLICATION Process in which DNA is copied

  9. PURPOSE OF DNA REPLICATION Gives daughter cells produced by cell division a complete set of genetic information identical to the parent cell.

  10. WHERE REPLICATION OCCURS Nucleus

  11. WHEN DURING THE CELL CYCLE REPLICATION OCCURS Interphase (S)

  12. HOW REPLICATION OCCURS 1. Helicase enzymes unzip the parent strand by separating the nitrogen base pairs. 2. DNA polymerase pairs free DNA nucleotides with the exposed bases on both strands following the base pair rules. • each strand from the parent molecule serve as a template

  13. 3. Hydrogen bonds reform spontaneously sealing the two strands of each DNA molecule together.

  14. RESULTS OF REPLICATION • Two molecules of DNA that are identical • Each is half old (strand from parent) and half new (strand synthesized by DNA polymerase)

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