Krebs Cycle Occurs here

2. ETC occurs here Krebs Cycle Occurs here

3. Cellular Respiration: • A series of BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS… the product of 1 reaction is the reactant of the next reaction • Occurs in the mitochondria ( & cytoplasm) • Is the process of creating ENERGY…ATP!!!! • food broken down into organic molecules, ultimately broken down into GLUCOSE • glucose changed into/converted into ATP (ENERGY) • enzyme controlled

4. CR • Occurs in BOTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS • Has 3 stages: • Glycolysis – anaerobic: w/o Oxygen • Krebs Cycle (aka: Citric acid cycle) – aerobic: require oxygen 3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) - aerobic

5. Glycolysis: • Occurs in the cytoplasm (cytosol) • Chemical RXN where sugar- GLUCOSE is broken down into 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules • Produces 2 ATP molecules for every 1 glucose molecule • NAD provides energy for the change (an e- energy carrier)

7. Products from Glycolysis move into the Mitochondria THE PRODUCT (Pyruvic Acid) WILL THEN BE USED AS THE REACTANT IN THE NEXT REACTION Hence…Biochemical Pathway

8. CK ?? Topic CR Date: 10-11-10 • What is the purpose of Cellular Respiration? • Where are the 2 places does CR occurs? • What are the 3 stages of CR?

9. CK ?? Topic CR Date: 10-11-10 • How many usable ATP result from Glycolysis? • What is the second stage of CR? • Where does the second stage take place? • What does the term aerobic mean?

10. Stage 2Krebs (Citric Acid Cycle): • Oxygen is required – Aerobic Respiration • A series of chemical rxns… a cycle • Pyruvic Acid is further broken down: • into Acetyl CoA • CO2 is produced and • released into the air from animal cells • Or in plants move to the chloroplasts to be used for photosynthesis

11. Pyruvic Acid is further broken down: • 2 ATP are produced and • NADH & FADH are produced (high energy electron carriers) which will provide the energy to bond the last phosphate in ADP to create ATP! ENERGY

12. Citric Acid Cycle: • Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria

13. In summary: Pyruvic Acid is further broken down into Acetyl CoA as it enters the Krebs Cycle

14. Stage 3-Electron Transport Chain:

15. Stage 3-Electron Transport Chain: • Occurs in the inner Mitochondrial Membrane • Majority of the ATP (34 ATP) are produced during ETC • The high-energy electrons produced during the Krebs Cycle (NADH and FADH2) are used to convert ADP into ATP

16. Chemical Formula Cellular Respiration: Sugar + Oxygen  Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water C6H12O6 + 6O236 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O

17. Glycolysis: • Goal: To break down sugar into 2 Pyruvic Acids • Who: Both plant and animals • Where: In the cytoplasm of the cell • Products: 2ATP, 2NADH, 2 Pyruvic

18. Krebs cycle: • Goal: convert (change) the pyruvic acid into NADH and FADH2 • Where: mitochondria • Products: Energy carriers: NADH & FADH2, CO2 (released to environment) and 2 ATP

19. Electron Transport Chain(chemiosmosis making ATP!!) • Goal: break down NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP • Where: Mitochondria membrane • Products: 32 -34 ATP

20. AS A RESULT OF AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION: • 2 ATP FROM GLYCOLYSIS • 2 ATP FROM KREBS CYCLE • 32-34 ATP FROM THE ETC • TOTAL OF: • 36-38 ATP FOR EVERY MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE

21. IF NO OXYGEN IS AVAILABLE… • Anaerobic Respiration (FERMENTATION): • Begins with Glycolysis • DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN • Also known as FERMENTATION

22. 2 types of FERMENTATION • Alcoholic fermentation • Lactic acid fermentation

23. Lactic Acid Fermentation: • Pyruvic acid converted (changed) into lactic acid • Used to make cheese, yogurt, and is the stuff that accumulates in muscles (sore) • 2 ATP only

25. Alcoholic Fermentation: • Used to make beer, wine • Yeast used in process • 2 ATP only

26. Reproduce Through BUDDING!!

27. Clearly Not as efficient as aerobic respiration

28. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite rxns.

29. Photosynthesis & CRare opposite rxns. Photosynthesis : • removes Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere and puts back oxygen. Cellular Respiration: • Removes oxygen from the atmosphere and puts back carbon dioxide.