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Dementia

Dementia. Nurul Ashikin Hamzah | Nurul Eylia Nasaruddin. Introduction. Dementia is a non-specific illness syndrome (set of signs and symptoms) in which affected areas of cognition may be memory, attention, language, and problem solving. Dementia Worldwide. Type of Dementia.

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Dementia

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  1. Dementia NurulAshikinHamzah |NurulEyliaNasaruddin

  2. Introduction • Dementia is a non-specific illness syndrome (set of signs and symptoms) in which affected areas of cognition may be memory, attention, language, and problem solving

  3. Dementia Worldwide

  4. Type of Dementia • Cortical dementias : • Dementia where the brain damage primarily affects the brain's cortex, or outer layer. • Cause problems with memory, language, thinking, and social behavior • Alzheimer's disease. • Frontotemporal dementias • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

  5. 2. Subcortical dementias • Affects parts of the brain below the cortex. • Changes in emotions and movement in addition to problems with memory. • Huntington's disease • Parkinson's disease • Focal thalamic and basal ganglia lesions • Multiple sclerosis. • Normal pressure hydrocephalus

  6. 3. Mixed dementias • Other than previous dementia. • Occurs as a result of a physical disease or injury. • Vascular dementia • Dementia with lewy bodies • Corticobasal degeneration • Neurosyphilis

  7. Aetieology [causes] Main causes of dementia • Alzheimer's disease (50-60 per cent of cases) • Vascular dementia (20-25 per cent) • Dementia with lewy bodies (15-20 per cent)

  8. Other less common causes are as follows: • Parenchymal/degenerative • Pick's disease • Parkinson disease • Huntington's disease • Wilson’s disease • MS • Intracranial causes • CVA • Tumor • Head trauma • Subdural hematoma • NPH

  9. Infection • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (Prion disease) • Neurosyphils • HIV associated dementia • Others • Vitamin deficiency • B 12 • Folate • Niacin • Thiamine

  10. Metabolic causes:- • Uremia • Hepatic encephalopathy • Hypoglycemia • Calcium, Mg, electrolyte imbalance • Endocrine • Hypothyroidism • Hyperparathyroidism • Cushing’s and Addison’s disease • Toxins • Prolonged alcohol misuse • Heavy metal poising

  11. Symptoms • Memory loss • Disorientation of time and place • Problem in communicating/language • Abstract thinking   • Poor or reduced judgment

  12. Dificulties in performing basic tasks • Mood or behavioral changes • Misplacing articles • Loss of initiative • Change in personality - passive

  13. Treatment and Prevention • Regular physical exam • Regular Exercise • Have fun and relax • Keep your cholesterol in the normal range. Total cholesterol should be less than 200 mg/dL. • Learn and monitor for signs, symptoms, and behavioral triggers of dementia.

  14. Treat or prevent high blood pressure. • Do not smoke. • Stay at a healthy weight. This also reduces your risk of diabetes, another risk factor for dementia • Memory exercises – crossword, brainteasers • Daily walks • Balanced diet - 5 small meals a day • Omega-3 fats • Antioxidants • Whole grains • Relaxation exercises

  15. References • WHO • http://www.omnimedicalsearch.com/conditions-diseases/dementia-introduction.html • http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/dementia-000046.htm

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